Eating habits and physical activity among the youth from Kujakowice

HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2014
WELLNESS AND SOCIETY
CHAPTER VIII
Department of Dental Anatomy Medical University of Wrocław
Zakład Anatomii Stomatologicznej Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu
1
Department of Tourism and Recreation WSB of Wrocław
Zakład Turystyki i Rekreacji WSB we Wrocławiu
2
WIESŁAW KURLEJ1, BOŻENA KURC-DARAK1,
KATARZYNA STASZAK1, KAMIL NELKE1, JACEK ZBOROWSKI1,
DOROTA STANOSSEK2
Eating habits and physical activity among
the youth from Kujakowice Górne and Dolne
Nawyki żywieniowe i aktywność ruchowa wśród młodzieży
z miejscowości Kujakowice Górne i Dolne
Key words: physical activity, lifestyle, country children
Słowa kluczowe: aktywność fizyczna, styl życia, dzieci wiejskie
The physical activity and eating habits research of children and youth have been
a subject of many studies [3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10]. Considering the constant change in children and youth's lifestyle throughout the past several decades, such studies are still
up to date. To screen children and youth's population in terms of their lifestyle is
important because of the intensifying behavioral and environmental dangers [1].
Territorially integrated and socioeconomically separated Kujakowice Dolne and
Kujakowice Górne are a good example of the research for eating habits and physical
activity among the country children and youth.
THE AIM OF RESEARCH, MATERIAL, METHODS
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the physical activity and eating habits among
the youth of territorially and environmentally integrated countries: Kujakowice
Górne and Kujakowice Dolne. The poll together with the interview included 84
children (44 girls and 40 boys) at the age from 13 to 16 years old. The children are
pupils of the primary school in Kujakowice Dolne and the junior high in Kujakowice Górne, which are both located in the opolskie region.
Statistical analysis of survey questionnaire was performed in the responders
group with usage of chi-square test.
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2014
Wellness and society
ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL
Table I. The characteristics of material
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male (N=19) Female (N=21) Male (N=21) Female (N=23)
Sex
x; s; min-max x; s; min-max x; s; min-max x; s; min-max
Body weight 38,4;14,6;30-61 33,7; 15,7; 21-56 55,3;10,3;47-96 53,8;12,8;37-65
135,3;10,4;
139;16,4;
167,2;14,8;
160,2;11,5;
Height
126-163
117-163
150-196
150-171
BMI
20,1;6,1;14-26 18,2;6,1; 12-24 22,4;8,1;16-28 20,1;7,2;14-27
Body Mass Index knowledge
Yes
2 (10,5)
1 (4,8)
14 (66,7)
11 (47,8)
Frequent visits abroad (at least twice a year)
Yes
15 (79,0)
16 (76,2)
18 (85,7)
20 (87,0)
Perception of economic situation (χ2 = 1,0; DF = 2, p = 0,50 - χ2 = 1,4)
Very good
6 (31,6)
5 (23,8)
5 (23,8)
5 (21,7)
Good
10 (52,6)
11 (52,4)
10 (47,6)
12 (52,2)
Mean
2 (10,5)
4 (19,1)
5 (23,8)
5 (21,7)
Poor
1 (5,3)
1 (4,8)
1 (4,8)
1 (4,4)
According to the metric characteristics (height and body weight) of the analyzed
children (tab. I), they constitute homogenous groups in terms of sex and the level of
education. The conscious evaluation of their own body weight has been carried out
among pupils in the context of their knowledge considering BMI (body mass index).
Over 50% of lower secondary students know about this index, while, most of the
primary school students are unaware of BMI. The knowledge of BMI serves as a
proof of being interested in one's body weight as well as in controlling it.
The analyzed children are distinctively mobile in terms of trips abroad. The most
probable reason for this being: family trips, since the children have dual citizenship.
Any form of the trip abroad results in a broader perspective for many aspects of life,
including the lifestyle. The acquired models are in most cases positive, however,
they may also include negative models, connected with greater liberty and consumerism of the Western Europe.
Table II. The physical education attendance at school
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male Female Male Female
Sex
(N=19) (N=21) (N=21) (N=23)
2-4 times at week
8 (42,1) 16 (76,2) 19 (90,5) 20 (87,0)
Once a week
6 (31,6) 4 (19,1) 1 (4,8) 2 (8,7)
Exemption
5 (25,3) 1 (4,8) 2 (9,5) 1 (4,4)
Extracurricular activities 0 (0,0) 5 (23,8) 10 (47,6) 3 (13,0)
(χ2 = 10,5; DF = 3, p = 0,025 - χ2 = 9,4)
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Wiesław Kurlej, Bożena Kurc-Darak, Katarzyna Staszak, Kamil Nelke,
Jacek Zborowski, Dorota Stanossek
Eating habits and physical activity among
the youth from Kujakowice Górne and Dolne
The results among analyzed primary school boys are disturbing. Exemptions are
frequent and there is low interest in extracurricular activities connected with this
subject (tab. II). These negative results, fortunately are recompensed at older boys
who tend to bring the exemptions less frequently. Moreover, almost 50% of them
participate in extracurricular activities.
Table III. Reasons for leaving physical education at school
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male Female Male Female
Sex
(N=19) (N=21) (N=21) (N=23)
Lack interest of sport 0 (0,0) 1 (4,8) 0 (0,0) 1 (4,4)
Laziness
2 (10,5) 3 (14,3) 1 (4,8) 4 (17,4)
Exemption
4 (21,1) 2 (9,5) 9 (42,9) 8 (34,8)
Other
13 (68,4) 15 (71,4) 11 (52,4) 12 (52,2)
(χ2 = 5,4; DF = 2, p = 0,05 - χ2 = 6,0)
Leaving the physical education classes, in greater part, was not caused by the
lack of interest in this subject (tab. III). The interviewed pupils gave so called “other” reasons for exemptions, for instance no exercise outfit. Lower secondary school
students, as opposed to the primary school students, reasoned their absence at physical education classes with a medical leave, which is understandable in case of girls.
Table IV. Time given to physical activity (daily)
Primary
Lower – secondary
Male Female
Male Female
Sex
(N=19) (N=21) (N=21) (N=23)
Over 8 h 1 (5,3) 2 (9,5) 9 (42,90 4 (17,4)
5-8 h 10 (52,6) 11 (52,4) 5 (23,8) 6 (26,1)
3-5 h
5 (26,3) 4 (19,1) 5 (23,8) 7 (30,4)
1-3 h
2 (10,5) 2 (9,5) 2 (9,5) 6 (26,1)
At all
1 (5,3) 2 (9,5) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0)
(χ2 = 11,6; DF = 3, p = 0,01 - χ2 = 11,3)
School
Over half of the analyzed children and youth declare a long lasting physical activity (over 5 hours per day) (tab. IV). The lack of physical activity is reported sporadically and only among primary school children.
Table V. Disciplines chosen most frequently
School
Sex
Cycling
Walk
Primary
Male Female
(N=19) (N=21)
8 (42,1) 8 (38,1)
6 (31,6) 1 (4,8)
Lower - secondary
Male Female
(N=21) (N=23)
2 (9,5) 2 (8,7)
0 (0,0) 0 (0,0)
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School
Primary
Male Female
Sex
(N=19) (N=21)
Football
4 (21,1) 3 (14,3)
Running
4 (21,1) 3 (14,3)
Table tennis
4 (21,1) 0 (0,0)
Swimming
3 (15,8) 9 (42,9)
Fencing
4 (21,1) 0 (0,0)
Tennis
1 (5,3) 0 (0,0)
Dance
0 (0,0) 4 (19,1)
Team games (volleyball, basketball, handball) 0 (0,0) 3 (14,3)
Gymnastics
0 (0,0) 3 (14,3)
Rollerblades
0 (0,0) 6 (28,6)
Martial arts
0 (0,0) 0 (0,0)
Bodybuilding
0 (0,0) 0 (0,0)
(χ2 = 58,3; DF = 6, p = 0,01 - χ2 = 16,8)
Lower - secondary
Male Female
(N=21) (N=23)
19 (90,5) 9 (39,1)
0 (0,0) 8 (34,8)
0 (0,0) 1 (4,4)
0 (0,0) 1 (4,4)
0 (0,0) 0 (0,0)
0 (0,0) 0 (0,0)
0 (0,0) 2 (8,7)
13 (61,9) 22 (95,7)
0 (,0) 4 (17,4)
0 (0,0) 1 (4,4)
2 (9,5) 2 (8,7)
2 (9,5) 0 (0,0)
Pupils could choose one of the preferred disciplines (tab. V). The differentiation
of disciplines chosen by the students is huge. One can observe diversified preferences with boys and girls concerning the distinguished sport disciplines. There is a
bigger interest with many sport disciplines among girls. Additionally, preferences to
the distinguished sport disciplines are diverse in the group of students from the primary school and the lower-secondary school. Among older boys, there is a significant lack of interest with sports deemed elite.
Table VI. The need of companionship during physical activities
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Male
Sex
Female (N=21)
Female (N=23)
(N=19)
(N=21)
Lack of companionship 2 (10,5)
7 (33,3)
8 (38,1)
6 (26,1)
Family
10 (52,6)
8 (38,1)
3 (14,3)
4 (17,4)
Friends
11 (57,9)
7 (33,3)
15 (71,4)
16 (69,6)
Sports team
7 (36,8)
4 (19,1)
7 (33,3)
4 (17,4)
Other
1 (5,30
0 (0,0)
0 (0,0)
1 (4,4)
(χ2 = 8,9; DF = 3, p = 0,025 - χ2 = 9,4)
With age, the frequency of engaging in sports, declines within the family circle
and rises within the circle of friends (tab. VI). In case of boys, the individual approach to sports develops with age. One may assume that the interviewed children
are consistent with participating in team sports (probably at the LZS club, which is
located in the counties).
Table VII. Motivation and expectations concerning physical activity
School
110
Primary
Lower - secondary
Wiesław Kurlej, Bożena Kurc-Darak, Katarzyna Staszak, Kamil Nelke,
Jacek Zborowski, Dorota Stanossek
Eating habits and physical activity among
the youth from Kujakowice Górne and Dolne
Male
Female
Male
Female (N=23)
(N=19) (N=21) (N=21)
2
2
Motivation (χ = 13,9; DF = 3, p = 0,01 - χ = 11,3)
Own decision
5 (26,3) 2 (9,5) 18 (85,7)
16 (69,6)
Family
7 (36,8) 1 (4,8) 3 (14,3)
1 (4,4)
Friends
8 (42,1) 10 (47,6) 6 (28,6)
6 (26,1)
Teachers
5 (26,3) 6 (28,6) 3 (14,3)
7 (30,4)
Interest in sport
5 (26,3) 5 (23,8) 8 (38,1)
7 (30,4)
Use of free time
4 (21,1) 3 (14,3) 3 (14,3)
7 (30,4)
Expectations associated with physical activity (χ2 = 6,7; DF = 3, p = 0,04 - χ2 = 7,8)
Pleasure
18 (94,7) 20 (95,2) 20 (95,2)
22 (95,7)
Belter posture
2 (10,5) 4 (19,1) 6 (28,6)
8 (34,8)
Improve the health
3 (15,8) 3 (14,3) 6 (28,6)
7 (30,4)
Admiration in peers
4 (21,1) 3 (14,3) 10 (47,6)
10 (43,5)
Associated with the future
6 (31,6) 4 (19,1) 5 (23,8)
4 (17,4)
Difficulties associated with physical activity (χ2 = 4,7; DF = 3, p = 0,20 - χ2 = 4,6)
Big effort
6 (31,6) 10 (47,6) 6 (28,6)
10 (43,5)
Limited access to sport equipment 6 (31,6) 5 (23,8) 6 (28,6)
6 (26,1)
Health
4 (21,1) 2 (9,5) 9 (42,9)
8 (34,8)
Other (no time)
3 (15,8) 4 (19,1) 3 (14,3)
2 (8,7)
Sex
There are many reasons which motivate children and youth to physical activity
(tab. VII). With older children, the most frequent motivation is definitely, regardless
the sex, their own decision. With younger children, friends serve as such a motivation. The independent motivation for physical activity is connected with health expectations associated with doing sports.
Most of the interviewees admit that they expect the physical activity to be mostly
fun, even though it does require some effort. This effort is one of the limits of physical activities, as well as the access to gym equipment and frequent health indisposition. The lack of free time, however, is not one of the reasons. In case of team
sports, the access in question, concerns the accessibility to sports hall or the court. In
case of individual sports (often elite ones) the access to sports equipment concerns
very expensive equipment and transport to wherever the activities take place. Sports
courts and swimming pools are more and more popular, moreover, field trips connected with water sports and hiking are equally easy accessible. However, everything is connected with finances, which are generally good among interviewed children.
Table VIII. The character of nutrition among interviewed children and youth.
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Female
Male
Sex
Female (N=23)
(N=19)
(N=21)
(N=21)
2
2
The number of meals (χ = 4,9; DF = 2, p = 0,10 - χ = 4,6)
Less than 3
5 (26,3)
5 (23,8)
1 (4,8)
3 (13,0)
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School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Female
Male
Sex
Female (N=23)
(N=19)
(N=21)
(N=21)
3-4
11 (57,9) 10 (47,6) 12 (57,1)
11 (47,8)
5 or more
3 (15,8)
6 (28,6)
8 (38,1)
9 (39,1)
Frequency of meals (χ2 = 0,4; DF = 2, p = 0,80 - χ2 = 0,5)
at 2 h
0 (0,0)
2 (9,5)
0 (0,0)
2 (8,7)
at 3-4 h
7 (36,8)
7 (33,3)
8 (38,1)
7 (30,4)
at 5 h or more
5 (26,3)
2 (9,5)
1 (4,8)
5 (21,7)
Depending on hunger
7 (36,8) 10 (47,6) 12 (57,1)
9 (39,1)
Eating breakfast at home (χ2 = 0,1; DF = 2, p = 0,95 - χ2 = 0,1)
Yes
7 (36,8) 10 (47,6) 10 (47,6)
10 (43,5)
No
9 (47,4)
5 (23,8)
6 (28,6)
8 (34,8)
Occasionally
3 (15,8)
6 (28,6)
5 (23,8)
5 (21,7)
Eating breakfast at school (second breakfast) (χ2 = 5,8; DF = 2, p = 0,10 - χ2 = 6,3)
Yes
8 (42,1) 12 (57,1) 12 (57,1)
10 (43,5)
No
8 (42,1)
9 (42,9)
5 (23,8)
6 (26,)
Occasionally
3 (15,8)
0 (0,0)
4 (19,1)
7 (30,4)
The interviewed pupils eat 3 to 4 meals a day, regardless the sex (tab. VIII). The
results prove a rational nutrition of the interviewed children and youth. A significant
percentage of children, regardless the sex, does not eat breakfast at home before
going to school, or they eat it sporadically. The so called “second breakfast” ate at
school, is in fact, the first meal for most of the children (tab. IX).
Table IX. The most common ingredients of the second breakfast
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Sex
Male (N=19) Female (N=21) Male (N=21) Female (N=23)
Sandwiches 11 (57,9)
11 (52,4)
18 (85,7)
22 (95,7)
Sweets
5 (26,3)
11 (52,4)
2 (9,5)
5 (21,7)
Pizza
7 (36,8)
9 (42,9)
0 (0,0)
2 (8,7)
Fruits
0 (0,0)
4 (19,1)
2 (9,5)
2 (8,7)
Danishes
6 (31,6)
0 (0,0)
0 (0,0)
2 (8,7)
(χ2 = 21,0; DF = 3, p = 0,01 - χ2 = 11,3)
Table X. The frequency of eating meat
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Sex
Male (N=19) Female (N=21) Male (N=21) Female (N=23)
to 3 times a week
4 (21,1)
8 (38,1)
4 (19,1)
8 (34,8)
3-5 times a week
9 (47,4)
7 (33,3)
9 (42,9)
7 (30,4)
more than 5 times a week 8 (42,1)
3 (14,3)
8 (38,1)
4 (17,4)
I don’t eat meat
0 (0,0)
3 (14,3)
0 (0,0)
4 (17,4)
(χ2 = 0,1; DF = 3, p = 0,99 - χ2 = 0,1)
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Wiesław Kurlej, Bożena Kurc-Darak, Katarzyna Staszak, Kamil Nelke,
Jacek Zborowski, Dorota Stanossek
Eating habits and physical activity among
the youth from Kujakowice Górne and Dolne
The important fact is that among the interviewed boys, a meatless diet does not
occur (tab. X).
Table XI. The frequency of eating fish
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Male
Sex
Female (N=21)
Female (N=23)
(N=19)
(N=21)
to 3 times a week
8 (42,1)
6 (28,6)
8 (38,1)
9 (39,1)
3-5 times a week
1 (5,3)
4 (19,1)
2 (9,5)
2 (8,7)
more than 5 times a week 0 (0,0)
2 (9,5)
1 (4,8)
1 (4,4)
I don’t eat fish
10 (52,6)
9 (42,9)
10 (47,6)
11 (47,8)
(χ2 = 0,2; DF = 3, p = 0,975 - χ2 = 0,2)
A very large percentage of children does not eat fish at all, or eats fish sporadically (tab. XI).
Table XII. The frequency of eating fruits and vegetables
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Sex
Male (N=19) Female (N=21)
Female (N=23)
(N=21)
2
Frequency of eating vegetables (χ = 8,9; DF = 3, p = 0,05 - χ2 = 7,8)
to 3 times a week
5 (26,3)
5 (23,8)
2 (9,5)
7 (30,4)
3-5 times a week
7 (36,8)
3 (14,3)
3 (14,3)
12 (52,2)
more than 5 times a week 2 (10,5)
8 (38,1)
16 (76,2)
7 (30,4)
I don’t eat vegetables
5 (26,3)
5 (23,8)
0 (0,0)
3 (13,0)
Frequency of eating fruits (χ2 = 7,3; DF = 3, p = 0,20 - χ2 = 7,8)
to 3 times a week
3 (15,8)
1 (4,8)
6 (28,6)
3 (13,0)
3-5 times a week
10 (52,6)
8 (38,1)
5 (23,8)
9 (39,1)
more than 5 times a week 5 (26,3)
6 (28,6)
10 (47,6)
9 (39,1)
I don’t eat fruits
1 (5,3)
6 (28,6)
0 (0,0)
2 (8,7)
A big percentage of younger children does not eat vegetables and fruits (this
concerns especially girls) (tab. XII). The given information, however, are doubtful
and the facts are difficult to interpret.
Table XIII. The frequency of eating sweets
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Male
Sex
Female (N=21)
Female (N=23)
(N=19)
(N=21)
to 3 times a week
3 (15,8)
9 (42,9)
6 (28,6)
5 (21,7)
3-5 times a week
8 (42,1)
5 (23,8)
7 (33,3)
6 (26,1)
more than 5 times a week 5 (26,3)
3 (14,3)
6 (28,6)
10 (43,5)
I don’t eat sweets
3 (15,8)
4 (19,1)
2 (9,5)
2 (8,7)
(χ2 = 3,3; DF = 3, p = 0,30 - χ2 = 3,7)
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A quite numerous group of pupils does not eat sweets at all (tab. XIII).
Table XIV. The amount of liquids
School
Primary
Lower - secondary
Male
Male
Sex
Female (N=21)
Female (N=23)
(N=19)
(N=21)
less than 1 l 4 (21,1)
6 (28,6)
0 (0,0)
1 (4,4)
1-2 l
5 (26,3)
5 (23,8)
11 (52,4)
12 (52,2)
3-4 l
8 (42,1)
6 (28,6)
5 (23,8)
7 (30,4)
5 l and more 2 (10,5)
4 (19,1)
5 (23,8)
3 (13,0)
(χ2 = 13,0; DF = 3, p = 0,01 - χ2 = 11,3)
The amounts of the drank liquids given by the pupils concern the autumn period
of the research (tab. XIV).
DISCUSSION
Kujakowice Gorne and Kujakowice Dolne are the two towns combined together
in Kluczbork community, within opolskie region. The towns have over 800 years of
history, starting from the Piastowscy Princes rule, through the German reign, up to
the present time. The area of the towns has been inhabited by the Slavs, then by the
settlers from Franconia and Thuringia and by a small number of repatriates from the
Eastern borderlands after the II World War. According to the saying “no nation
vanishes without trace”, one may assume that the modern community of those towns
is an integrated population, created by each historical nation living there. The precious historical monuments in the area of Kujakowice Górne and Dolne are a heritage of the monks and hospital staff, as well as the hard parochial work. The most
precious antique is a written confirmation of the towns' localization- a document
from 1282 (the real localization is far older), and a rescued bell from the requisitions
during the Napoleonic Wars and the World Wars, which is inscribed with: “O König
der Glorie komme mit dem Frieden! Anno 1494” [2]
The declared by the most of the residents dual citizenship has resulted in using
the prewar names of the towns, namely: Ober Kunzendorf and Nider Kunzendorf.
This is a reason for the 1200 residents of Kujakowice Górne and Dolne to differ
from general Polish economic and social standards. The care for tradition (church
renovation, building a chapel, funding of the bells), the residents' thrift and long
term relationship with “the Western Europe's civilization” is the reason why the
analysis of children from the said wealthy towns may reveal valuable information
concerning recent transformations.
This monograph is an effect of an accident, nevertheless, it relates to lifestyle of
the children and youth of Kujakowice Górne and Dolne. The conclusions of this
research may serve as a positive example in terms of the modern children and
youth's lifestyle.
The residents of the countries, especially from the South-Eastern and Western
Poland, are visibly differentiated socioeconomically. However, there is a cultural
114
Wiesław Kurlej, Bożena Kurc-Darak, Katarzyna Staszak, Kamil Nelke,
Jacek Zborowski, Dorota Stanossek
Eating habits and physical activity among
the youth from Kujakowice Górne and Dolne
connectedness and family bonds as opposed to the countries located near agglomerations, where a lot of residents migrate to the cities.
The skipping of physical education classes is not in fact an essential problem in
the analyzed material, moreover, it can be marginalized as opposed to the all-Poland
problem of exemptions and skipping the classes by the schoolchildren. It can be
labeled as a positive approach towards their own health [11].
The end results in terms of sacrificing the free time for physical activity by children and youth of Kujakowice Górne and Dolne are very satisfying and look good
compared to the other populations analyzed. The behaviors promoting healthy lifestyle in terms of the interviewed children nutrition are satisfactory [9].
The tendency of doing sports among family circles by the younger children, and
by the older ones-with their peers is understandable and not at all connected with
breaking off the family bond. It is connected with creating the proper rules of competition while doing sports- it allows rivalry among peers.
A large percentage of the interviewed children, regardless the sex, does not eat
breakfast at home before going to school, or they eat breakfast sporadically. Eating
breakfast at home or at school is an important issue connected with children malnutrition [7].
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the research conducted, one may state that:
1. Both physical activity and the nutrition of primary school and lower secondary
school pupils' is proper in the town of Kujakowice.
2. The disturbing fact is that the children do not follow the dieticians' advice concerning eating fruits and vegetables, and that a big number of students does not
eat meat and fish.
3. Children of both schools have a narrow knowledge on the subject of BMI, which
is essentially related with nutrition and physical activity; however the BMI of the
group of children interviewed, fits a satisfactory range.
4. The frequency of children attending physical education classes is satisfactorymost of them attend all of the classes. Unsatisfactory, however, is a miniscule
extracurricular physical activity of the lower secondary school students.
5. The nutrition of the students is disturbing, especially in terms of the first meal of
the day- it concerns the not-eating breakfast at home. Similarly disturbing is the
percentage of students eating sweets.
6. The change, which comes with age, from companionship of family to the circle
of peers when it comes to sports, proves that the rivalry mechanisms and bonds
are being formed.
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HEALTH AND WELLNESS 4/2014
Wellness and society
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ABSTRACT
The screening of children and youth in terms of their lifestyle connected with nutrition and physical activity is important because of the growing behavioral and
environmental dangers. The aim of this paper is the evaluation of physical activity
and nutrition among children and youth (44 girls and 40 boys) at ages 13 to 16,
attending the primary school in Kujakowice Dolne and the lower secondary school
in Kujakowice Górne- towns located in the opolskie region. Both physical activity
and nutrition of the primary and lower secondary school students of Kujakowice is
right. The change, which comes with age, from the family to peers companionship
while doing sports, denotes forming bonds among schoolchildren and the rivalry
mechanisms.
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Wiesław Kurlej, Bożena Kurc-Darak, Katarzyna Staszak, Kamil Nelke,
Jacek Zborowski, Dorota Stanossek
Eating habits and physical activity among
the youth from Kujakowice Górne and Dolne
STRESZCZENIE
Monitorowanie dzieci i młodzieży w zakresie ich stylu życia związanego z odżywianiem i aktywnością ruchową jest ważne ze względu na nasilające się zagrożenia behawioralne i środowiskowe. Celem pracy jest ocena aktywności ruchowej i
odżywiania wśród dzieci i młodzieży (44 dziewcząt i 40 chłopców) w wieku od 13
do 16 lat uczących się w szkole podstawowej w Kujakowicach Dolnych i gimnazjum w Kujakowicach Górnych – miejscowościach położonych na terenie woj.
opolskiego. Zarówno aktywność ruchowa jak i odżywianie się uczniów ze szkoły
podstawowej i gimnazjum w miejscowości Kujakowice jest prawidłowe. Przechodzenie, wraz z wiekiem, od towarzystwa rodzinnego do towarzystwa rówieśników
przy uprawianiu sportu świadczy o tworzeniu się wśród młodzieży więzów i mechanizmów rywalizacji.
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