žĮƯ ſǀŜ Apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh

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žĮƯ ſǀŜ Apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
ƽŻŹƹŚƄĩŵŚƸūšŹřŻƹ
ŹƺƄĩšŚţŚŞƳƒƠůƱŚƯŻŚſ
ƾŝŚƿŵŹƹƾŗŚſŚƴƃƽŚưƴƷřŹ
ƾūŹŚųƶƴǀƐƳźƣŢƟō
ŜǀſžĮƯ
Apple maggot
Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
Diptera:Tephritidae
ƮǀƔƴţƹƶǀƸţ
ƱŚǀƛřźģŶưůř
źƐųƪǀƬŰţƹƂƿŚěźŤƟŵ
ÎÐÖÐżǀŗŚě
ŜǀſžĮƯ
Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
Diptera : Tephritidae
Common name:
Apple maggot,
railroad worm,
Synonyms:
Rhagoletis symphoricarpi,
Spilographa pomonella (Walsh),
maggot, apple
Trypeta pomonella
Zonosema pomonella (Walsh)
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ŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯ
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ŶƃŚŞǀƯƪƿŷŭźƃƶŝŢƟō
Major hosts( ƾƬƇřƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯ):Malus domestica (apple)
Minor hosts(ƾƗźƟƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯ) : Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus baccata
(siberian crab apple), Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus angustifolia (Mountain
cherry tree), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach),
Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree), Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet
firethorn), Rosa rugosa (Rugosa rose), Rosa virginiana (Virginia rose)
Wild hosts: Amelanchier (serviceberries), Aronia (chockeberry), Cotoneaster ,
Crataegus (hawthorns), Crataegus crus-galli (Cockspur hawthorn), Crataegus
douglasii (black hawthorn), Crataegus laevigata , Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn),
Prunus (stone fruit), Rosa (roses)
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ŹŵŵƺūƺƯƵƺǀƯžĮƯƽŚƷƶƳƺĭźƿŚſŚŝRhagoletis pomonella ƶƳƺĭĨƿĥƺƫƺƟźƯƶƀƿŚƤƯƩƹŶū
Ʊřźƿř
Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
ƱƺŤƿŻžĮƯBactrocera oleae
ƺƬƷžĮƯBactrocera zonata
ŹŚƴĩžĮƯCarpomya vesuviana
żǀƫŚūžĮƯ Dacus ciliatus
ƵżŝźųžĮƯMyiopardalis pardalina
ƽřƶƳźŤƿŶƯžĮƯCeratitis capitata
ĬƳźƬĭžĮƯAcanthiophilus helianthi
ŽLjǀĭžĮƯRhagoletis cerasi
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CAB International. 2007. Crop Protection Compendium. 2007 Edition . CAB
International. Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
http://delta-intkey.com/ffa/www/rha_pomo.htm
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN50500.pdf
http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/news/andrewforbesresearch.html
https://www.msu.edu/~jimsmith/research.html
http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/wvapples.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/olpa/images/fruitfly_large_jpg_image.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhagoletis_pomonella.jpg
http://web3.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/fappmag.htm
http://www.invasive.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5360701
http://www.nsapples.com/photoid6.htm
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