žĮƯ ſǀŜ Apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
Transkrypt
žĮƯ ſǀŜ Apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
ƽŻŹƹŚƄĩŵŚƸūšŹřŻƹ ŹƺƄĩšŚţŚŞƳƒƠůƱŚƯŻŚſ ƾŝŚƿŵŹƹƾŗŚſŚƴƃƽŚưƴƷřŹ ƾūŹŚųƶƴǀƐƳźƣŢƟō ŜǀſžĮƯ Apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh Diptera:Tephritidae ƮǀƔƴţƹƶǀƸţ ƱŚǀƛřźģŶưůř źƐųƪǀƬŰţƹƂƿŚěźŤƟŵ ÎÐÖÐżǀŗŚě ŜǀſžĮƯ Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh Diptera : Tephritidae Common name: Apple maggot, railroad worm, Synonyms: Rhagoletis symphoricarpi, Spilographa pomonella (Walsh), maggot, apple Trypeta pomonella Zonosema pomonella (Walsh) ƽŵŚƈŤƣřŢǀưƷř śƺºƴūŚƇƺƈºŴƯƾƫŚưºƃƽŚºĪƿźƯřƵŻƺůƽŚƷŹƺƄĩƱřŹřŵƶŤƀƷƹŜǀſƱŚŤųŹŵƵƺǀƯƮƸƯŢƟōŜǀſƵƺǀƯžĮƯ ƵƺºǀƯŢºƃƺĭŻřŢºƟōƹŹLJŶƴĪǀƯŵŹřƹšŹŚƀųƶƳŚŤƀŝŚţƽŚƷƶŤƿŹřƹƽƹŹźŤƄǀŝŢƟōƲƿřŢſřŚĪƿźƯřƩŚưƃƹřŵŚƳŚĩ ƦºĜƧƵŶǀſƺěŚƷƵƺǀƯƶŬǀŤƳŹŵƹŵƺƃƾƯƾĭŶǀſƺěƪƯřƺƗŷƺƠƳŦƗŚŝƱōƶƿŸƜţŻřƾƃŚƳƽŚƷƩŚƳŚƧƹƵŵƺưƳƶƿŸƜţ ƾŗřŻšŹŚƀųŢǀưƷřƶŝƶūƺţŚŝřŸƫŶƳŻƾƯšŹŚƀųƱŚŝżǀƯƽŚƷƵƺǀƯƽƹŹƵŻŹŚŞƯƭŶƗšŹƺƇŹŵŶƴƴƧƾƯƁżƿŹƹƵŵŻ ŢſřƶŤƟźĭŹřźƣŚƷŹƺƄĩŻřƽŹŚǀƀŝƹƱřźƿřƽřƶƴǀƐƳźƣšŚƟōŢƀǀƫŹŵŢƟōƲƿř ŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯ ƲºƿřƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯƾƬĩŢƀǀƫƶĩŶƴƿōƾƯŹŚưƄŝŢƟōƲƿřƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯƲƿźŤưƸƯŻřƱřŹřŵƶŤƀƷźĮƿŵƹŜǀſƱŚŤųŹŵƵƺǀƯ ŶƃŚŞǀƯƪƿŷŭźƃƶŝŢƟō Major hosts( ƾƬƇřƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯ):Malus domestica (apple) Minor hosts(ƾƗźƟƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯ) : Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus baccata (siberian crab apple), Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus angustifolia (Mountain cherry tree), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree), Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn), Rosa rugosa (Rugosa rose), Rosa virginiana (Virginia rose) Wild hosts: Amelanchier (serviceberries), Aronia (chockeberry), Cotoneaster , Crataegus (hawthorns), Crataegus crus-galli (Cockspur hawthorn), Crataegus douglasii (black hawthorn), Crataegus laevigata , Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Prunus (stone fruit), Rosa (roses) ƾŗŚǀƟřźƜūƂƴƧřźě ŚĪƿźƯřƵŶŰŤƯšLJŚƿřĨƿżĪƯřŵŚƳŚĩŚĪƿźƯō ŜǀſžĮƯŢƟōƂƴĩřźěƶƄƤƳ ƾſŚƴƃƪƨƃ ƾºƬǀƯåîŵƹŶºůƶĩŵŹŻƶŝƪƿŚưŤƯƾŗżūŹřŶƤƯƶŝŚƷƶŞƫŹŵƹƭźĩƶŝƪƿŚưŤƯŶǀƠſŚƿšŚƯƶưǀƳŢƟōƲƿřįŚƷƮŴţ ƹƩƺºƏźºŤƯƾƬǀƯëêíŶƃŹźŨĩřŶůŹŵŚěƱƹŶŝƲƃƹŹƭźĩĬƳŹƶŝŚƷƹŹLJŶƳŹřŵƉźƗźŤƯƾƬǀƯåçèƹƩƺƏźŤƯ ŶºƳŹřŵƉźºƗźºŤƯƾºƬǀƯçèƹƩƺºƏźºŤƯƾºƬǀƯêƽřƵƺºƸƣŵŹŻĬƳŹƶŝŚƷƵźǀƠƃŶƳŹřŵƉźƗźŤƯƾƬǀƯæêç ƾºĩřżĮƿŻƾºĮƳŹŶºƳŚŝŹŚºƸģƽřŹřŵŚºƷžºĮƯƲƿřƾŗƺƬūƽŚƷƩŚŝƶĩŶƳŹřŵƩƺƏźŤƯƾƬǀƯçéŵƹŶůƪƯŚĩšřźƄů šřźƄºůƹƶºſƽřŹřŵźºƳšřźƄůżŞſƶŝƪƿŚưŤƯƽŚƷƮƄģƹŵŹŻƶŝƪƿŚưŤƯƽŚƷŚěƹźſŚŝƵŚǀſĬƳŹƶŝƱŶŝƪĪƃ ƽřŹřŵźºſƽƹŹźŝŶƳŹřŵƽźŤĭŹżŝƶŨūƵŵŚƯšřźƄůƮĪƃƽŚƷŶƴŝƽƹŹźŝĬƳŹŶǀƠſƾƋźƗƽŹřƺƳŹŚƸģƽřŹřŵƵŵŚƯ śŚººſŢººſřorbital bristlesƩŚººŤǀŝŹƹřƽƺººƯŢººƠūƹŵƹfrontal bristlesƾƳŚƄººǀěƽƺººƯŢººƠūƶººſ ŢºſřĬƳŹƽřƵƺƸƣŢųřƺƴĪƿŹƺƐŝMediotergiteŢƿĥźţŚƿŶƯƵŚǀſŢųřƺƴĪƿŹƺƐŝSubscutellumƭƺƫƺţƺĪſř ŢſřƆŴƄƯŚƳŚƿŵŹřŶƳŵƺūƹ r1ƩƺƬſŹŵƝŚƠƃƶǀůŚƳƶƃřźţƹźĪǀƯƽřŹřŵƾŗƺƬūƩŚŝ cƹ dmbcƽŚƷƩƺƬſ ŜǀſžĮƯŢƟōƚƫŚŝšřźƄůżƿźưŴţƹƹŹLJƱŶŝƽƹŹƞƬŤŴƯƽŚƷƭřŶƳřƾĪƿĥƺƫƺƟźƯšŚǀƇƺƈų ŹŵŵƺūƺƯƵƺǀƯžĮƯƽŚƷƶƳƺĭźƿŚſŚŝRhagoletis pomonella ƶƳƺĭĨƿĥƺƫƺƟźƯƶƀƿŚƤƯƩƹŶū Ʊřźƿř Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh ƱƺŤƿŻžĮƯBactrocera oleae ƺƬƷžĮƯBactrocera zonata ŹŚƴĩžĮƯCarpomya vesuviana żǀƫŚūžĮƯ Dacus ciliatus ƵżŝźųžĮƯMyiopardalis pardalina ƽřƶƳźŤƿŶƯžĮƯCeratitis capitata ĬƳźƬĭžĮƯAcanthiophilus helianthi ŽLjǀĭžĮƯRhagoletis cerasi ƾſŚƴƃŢƀƿŻ ŻƹŹèìƹŶƳŹřŸĭƾƯƮŴţƱŚŝżǀƯƱŚŤųŹŵƵƺǀƯŢſƺěźƿŻŹŵƵŵŚƯšřźƄůŢſřƩŚſŹŵƪƀƳĨƿƽřŹřŵŢƟōƲƿř ƵŚºƯŶƴģŚţƶŤƠƷƹŵšŶƯŹŵƶĩŶƴƴĪǀƯƵƺǀƯƪųřŵŹŵƪƳƺţźƠůƶŝƕƹźƃžĜſŚƷƹŹLJŶƳƺƄǀƯŲƿźƠţŚƷƮŴţŶƘŝ ƶºŝƵŵƺƫōƽŚƷƵƺǀƯřźƿŻŶƳƺƃƾƯƵŶƷŚƄƯŢųŹŵƽƹŹƽŚƷƵƺǀƯƪųřŵŹŵšŹŶƴŝŚƷƹŹLJŵŵźĭƾƯƪǀưĪţŚƸƳōŶƃŹ ũƹźųŶƳƺƄºǀƯƵźǀƠƃħŚųƪųřŵŹŵƹũŹŚųƵƺǀƯŻřűřŹƺſŵŚŬƿřŚŝŚƷƹŹLJŶƃŹƶƬůźƯƽŚƸŤƳřŹŵŶƴŤƟřƾƯƲǀƯŻ ƵźǀƠºƃħŚºųƽźºŤƯƾŤƳŚºſçêƢºưƗŹŵŚƷƹŹLJŶºƃŚŝƶŤºƃřŵƶºƯřŵřźŞƯŚºſŵƵŚºƯŚºţŢſřƲĪưƯƵƺǀƯŻřŚƷƹŹLJ źƷŚºƓƶºǀŗƹĥŚºƿƲºŗƹĥƵŚºƯźºųřƹřŹŵƪƯŚĩšřźƄůŶƴƳŚƯƾƯƾƣŚŝħŚųźƿŻŹŵƩŚſŶƴģŚţŚƷŚĭŚƷƵźǀƠƃŶƳŵźĮǀƯ ŹŵŚºƣƵŵŚºƯƵźƄºůźƷŶºƴƴĩƾƯƽżƿŹƮŴţƹƽźǀĭŢƠūƶŝƕƹźƃŶƘŝŻƹŹìæåŵƹŶůƶƿŸƜţƾţŶƯŻřŶƘŝŶƳƺƄǀƯ ŶƃŚŝƾƯƾƘǀŞƏƎƿřźƃŹŵŻƹŹéåŚţŚƷŚĭƹƶŤƠƷèéŢƟōƪƯŚĩšřźƄůźưƗƩƺƏŵŹřŸĮŝƮŴţŵŶƗçååŚţŢſř ŜǀſƵƺǀƯįƹŹŜǀſžĮƯŢƟōšŹŚƀųƮŗLjƗ šŹŚƀųƮŗLjƗ ƽŚƷƵƺǀƯŢſřƵŶƷŚƄƯƪŝŚƣƵƺǀƯƶƴǀƯŻĬƳŹŻřšƹŚƠŤƯĬƳŹŚŝƾƏŚƤƳšŹƺƇƶŝƵƺǀƯƽƹŹŢƟōƽŹřŸĭƮŴţƪŰƯ ĬºƳŹƽřƵƺºƸƣƽŚºƷƪƳƺţƽřŹřŵƵŵŻŢƟōƽŚƷƵƺǀƯƾŤƃƺĭŢưƀƣŶƴƴĪǀƯƁżƿŹƹƶŤƟźĭƾƬĪƃŶŝŢƫŚůƵŵŻŢƟō ŵźǀĭƾƯŵƺųƶŝƾƬƀƗƶƳŚƃƹŹřŵƵźƠůŢƫŚůƵƺǀƯƾŤƃƺĭŢưƀƣŶƴƴĩŢǀƫŚƘƟƹŹLJŶƴģƵƺǀƯƪųřŵźĭřŢſř ŜǀſƵƺǀƯįƹŹŜǀſžĮƯšŹŚƀųƮŗLjƗ ŹŚƄŤƳřƹƩŚƤŤƳřƽŚƸƷřŹ ŢºƟōƮǀƤŤƀºƯŻřƹźěƵŵƺºƫōźºǀƛƢƏŚºƴƯƶºŝŢºƟōƩŚºƤŤƳřƽŚºƸƷřŹŻřƾºĪƿƲƿřźŝŚºƴŝŶºƴƴĩŻřƹźºěŜǀſƵƺǀƯžĮƯ ƪºƤƳƹŶƴºƃŚŝƾƯŢƟōƹŹLJƹƮŴţƶŝƵŵƺƫōŶƴſŹƾƯƶƧƾƯŚĮƴƷŚƸƴţƱŚŝżǀƯƽŚƷƵƺǀƯŻřƽŹŚǀƀŝƲǀƴĤưƷŶƃŚŝƾƯ ŵŵźĭƾƯśƺƀŰƯŢƟōƾŗŚŬŝŚūƽŚƸƃƹŹŻřźĮƿŵƾĪƿƵŵƺƫōƽŚƷƵƺǀƯƲƿřƩŚƤŤƳřƹ ƽřƶƴǀƐƳźƣšŚƯřŶƣř ƽŚºĪƿźƯōƽŚƷŹƺƄºĩŻřƅƺƈºŴŝƱřŹřŵƶŤƀƷƹŜǀſŶƴƳŚƯƽŻŹƹŚƄĩšLJƺƈŰƯƽŹŚŬţšLJŵŚŞƯƂƿżƟřƪǀƫŵƶŝ ƶºŝƵŵƺƫōƽŚƷŹƺƄĩŻřƾţřŵŹřƹƽŚƷƶƫƺưŰƯƹŵźǀĭŹřźƣźƔƳŶƯŢƟōƲƿřŵƹŹƹƩŚưŤůřŢƸūƭŻLJšŚƯřŶƣřŶƿŚŝƾƫŚưƃ šŚƯřŶºƣřƹƾºſŹŻŚŝŢƣŶºŝƶºŝŶƳƺƃƾƯŵŹřƹƽŶƴŝƶŤƀŝƪƿŚſƹŢƀěƾƿřƺƷƾŗŚƿŹŵƍƺƐųƢƿźƏŻřƶĩŢƟōƲƿř ŵźǀĭšŹƺƇŚƸƳōƶǀƬƗźŝŜſŚƴƯƽřƶƴǀƐƳźƣ ƾſŹŻŚŝƹƾŝŚƿŵŹƽŚƸƃƹŹ ŵƺưƳƭřŶƣřƾƳƺƯźƟƾŝŚƿŵŹƹƽřƵŶƷŚƄƯƾŝŚƿŵŹƁƹŹƹŵƶŝƱřƺŤǀƯŢƟōƲƿřƾŝŚƿŵŹŢƸū ƽřƵŶƷŚƄƯƾŝŚƿŵŹæ ƕƹźºƃŻřƪŞƣƹƵƺǀƯŹƺƸƓƱŚƯŻŻřƾŰǀūźţƽŚƸƳŚŝżǀƯŢƿƺƫƹřŚŝŚƷƶƳŚŴƬĭƹƕŹřżƯŚƷƙŚŝƮƔƴƯƾſŹźŝƹŶƿŵŻŚŝ ƵƺǀƯƥƺƨƄƯƁżƿŹƶƳƺĭźƷƶŝƶūƺţƹƵƺǀƯƱŶǀſŹ ŚƷƶƳŚųŵźſƹƵƺǀƯƽŹřŶƸĮƳƽŚƷŹŚŞƳřŹŚŝƵźţƹƵƺǀƯīŹżŝƲƿŵŚǀƯƮƔƴƯƾſŹźŝƹŶƿŵŻŚŝ ƾƳƺƯźƟƾŝŚƿŵŹç ŶºƴƴĪǀƯƵŵŚƠŤºſřƶºƿŸƜţƽŚºƷƶºƬţƹźƳšřźƄůŜƬūƽřźŝƾƀƴūƽŚƷƱƺƯźƟŻřŢƟōƲƿřƾŝŚƿŵŹŢƸūLJƺưƘƯ ƱƺºƯźƟƹŵřƺºƯƲƿřŶƃŚŝƾƯŢƟōƲƿřƽŚƷƵŶƴƴĩŜƬūƶƬưūŻř ammonium acetateƹprotein hydrolysate , ŻřƾƿŚºƷƶºƬţƹƱƺƀºĪūƶºƬţŚºƿŶºƳƺƯŚƿŵƶƬţƵŶƴŞƀģŵŹŻƶƬţƶƬưūŻřƾƇŚƈŤųřƽŚƷƶƬţ ŚŝƵřźưƷřŹƾƀƴūƽŚƷ ƭŻLJƵŵŚºƯƲºƿřźºŤƸŝŵźŝŹŚºĩŵŹƺƯŹŵƶĩŶƴƴĩƾƯƵŵŚƠŤſřƶƤƐƴƯźƷŚŝŜſŚƴŤƯMcPhail trapƪǀƟĨƯƵŵřƺƳŚų ŵƺưƳƶūƺţƪƿŷƶŤĪƳƹŵƶŝŢſř ƾŝŚƿŵŹƞƬŤŴƯƽŚƸƃƹŹŹŵƮƸƯšŚĪƳ źºŝžĜºſŵŵźºĭƶǀƸţŵŹřŵŵƺūƹŚƸƳōŹŵŢƟōŹƺƌůƩŚưŤůřƶĩƾƤƏŚƴƯŻřƾƬĩƶƄƤƳĨƿŶƿŚŝřŶŤŝřƾŝŚƿŵŹƽřźŝ ƢƏŚºƴƯŻřƾºƬĩƶƄºƤƳŹŚĩƱŚƿŚěŹŵƹŶƿŵŹƹōƪưƘŝƾŝŚƿŵŹŢƸūƽŹřŸĭƶƬţŹŵƽŶƴŝŢƿƺƫƹřŵƺūƺƯšŚƳŚĪƯřŽŚſř ŶǀŗŚưƳŵŹřƹGPSŹŵƶƐƤƳźƷšŚƗLjƏřƆŴƄƯƽŹřŸĭŶĩŚŝƹƵŵƺưƳƆŴƄƯƵŶƃƽŹřŸĭƶƬţ ŶƳƺƃŜƈƳŵŚŝƁŻƹŢƸūƝLjųŹŵƹƶƿŚſƶưǀƳƽŚƷƂŴŝŹŵŶƿŚŝŚƷƶƬţ ŶƳźǀĭŹřźƣħŚųƹŵźĭƹŶƿŶƃŵŚŝƁŻƹŶǀƃŹƺųŹƺƳƮǀƤŤƀƯƉźƘƯŹŵŶƿŚŞƳŚƷƶƬţ ŵƺƄƳƶŤƀŝīźŝƹűŚƃŚŝƶƬţƽŵƹŹƹƶĩƽŹƺƐŝƵŵźĩƱřżƿƹōƮǀƣŚƿƱŚŝżǀƯƽźŤƯçŚţæêƕŚƠţŹřŹŵľŚŞƿźƤţřŹƶƬţ ŶƳƺƃŜƈƳŢƟōƾƫŚưŤůřŵƹŹƹƪŰƯŹŵŶƿŚŝŚƷƶƬţŵŹřŶƳŵƺūƹŢƟōƱŚŝżǀƯƶĩƾƤƏŚƴƯŹŵ ŵƺƃƭŚŬƳřŚƷƶƬţĥŹŚƃƭƹżƫƖƣřƺƯŹŵƹƶƬţƊƿƺƘţŵƺƃƭŚŬƳřƾĮŤƠƷŹƺƐŝŶƿŚŝŚƷƶƬţƾſŹŻŚŝ ŚºƷƶƳŚųŵźºſŚºƷŹŚŞƳřƪºǀŞƣŻřƵƺºǀƯƽŹƹōƖºưūƵŶºưƗƽŚºƸƬŰƯŹŵƱřƺţƾƯƽźƸƃƢƏŚƴƯŹŵŢƟōƾŝŚƿŵŹƽřźŝ ƾºĮŤƠƷŹƺƐŝƹƵŵźĩƵŵŚƠŤſřŜſŚƴƯƽŚƷƶƬţŚŝƾƇŚƈŤųřƵŶƴƴƧŜƬūŚƿƱƺƯźƟŻřŹŚŝƵźţƹƵƺǀƯƲƿŵŚǀƯƅƺƈŴŝƹ ŵƺưƳĥŹŚƃřŹƱō ƖŝŚƴƯ ƶŰƠƇèëëƱřźƸţźƸĜſšřŹŚƄŤƳřƵƺǀƯƱŚŤųŹŵƮƸƯšŚƟōæèëçƾƌţźƯƾƬǀƗŚưſř ƱřźƸţźƸĜſšřŹŚƄŤƳřƱřźƿřƾŤƴƿŻƱŚƷŚǀĭƹƾƬĮƴūƽŚƷƶĤŤųŹŵƹƱŚŤųŹŵƽŚƸƿŹŚưǀŝƹšŚƟōæèëëƮǀƷřźŝřŵřŶƸŝ ƱřźƸţźƸĜſšřŹŚƄŤƳřƱřźƿřƾƗřŹŻƱŚƷŚǀĭšŚƟōæèëíƮǀƷřźŝřŵřŶƸŝ šŚƤǀƤŰţƶƀſƺƯƾƇŚƈŤųřƶƿźƄƳźưŨƯźǀƛƹƾƬĮƴūƽŚƷƶĤŤųŹŵƹƱŚŤųŹŵšŚƟōŢſźƸƟæèëçŹƺƈƴƯƾŗŚŞƗ ƱřźƸţƲƿƹřƾƷŚǀĭƽŚƸƿŹŚưǀŝƹšŚƟō ŶƸƄƯƾſƹŵźƟƵŚĮƄƳřŵšřŹŚƄŤƳřŚƸƳōƾƘǀŞƏƱŚƴưƃŵƹƱřźƿřƽŻŹƹŚƄĩŢƟōŢſźƸƟæèîæƽŶƸƯƩƹřŽŹŶƯ ƅæìîƽŻŹƹŚƄĩƁŻƺƯōźƄƳƱřźƿřŹŵƾƷŚǀĭƶƴǀƐƳźƣæèìëƱŚǀţřƺƬƇźǀƯ CAB International. 2007. Crop Protection Compendium. 2007 Edition . CAB International. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. http://delta-intkey.com/ffa/www/rha_pomo.htm http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN50500.pdf http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/news/andrewforbesresearch.html https://www.msu.edu/~jimsmith/research.html http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/wvapples.html http://www.windows2universe.org/olpa/images/fruitfly_large_jpg_image.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhagoletis_pomonella.jpg http://web3.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/fappmag.htm http://www.invasive.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5360701 http://www.nsapples.com/photoid6.htm [email protected]