Przeczytaj tekst z 5. numeru Teologii Politycznej

Przeczytaj tekst z 5. numeru Teologii Politycznej

J[ebe]_WFeb_joYpdW+%(&&/#(&'&
MY[djhkckmW]_0feZc_ejeme؂
:Wh_kipAWhem_Yp
CeZ[hd_pWY`_d_[ZWi_ iai[hemW‚
9po pWY^eZp_ aed_[Ypde؂ kdemeYp[Ød_[d_W
ZeXhoY^ hWY`_$ FheXb[c[c d_[ `[ij `[ZdWa ifŒh
fW¸ijmW _ mifŒbdejo feb_joYpd[`5 JWa 9e Ze
e je" Ypo FebiaW 7$:$ (&&/ ÖpWY^moYWÇ Ä Xe
j[]efWdk`[p]eZW$9po`[ZdWaÄ`WaYp ijeio#
Öd_[ pWY^moYWÇ$ FheXb[c m joc" ê[ ZoajemW#
ipocoÄd_[XhWak`[dWcfej[dY`WkmWid[]e
d[fhp[pf[ioc_ijŒmhepm_}pWd_Wi}m_ijeY_[
pWhŒmdefej[dY`Wk"`Wa_ceêb_meØY_`[]efe#
fhp[Y_miakj[Ypd[$ @[Øb_ d_[ `[ij fe fheijk jWa"
XkZp[d_WÄcŒm_}YfeWhoijej[b[iemiak0_ceê#
ê[ fhpoYpod_W`} i_ Ze cWhipk mij[Yp" ê[ je
deØY_"_Wajk5?ddoc_iemo"YpoFebia ijW‚dW
mWØd_[c_ Zpo_ddoc_ed[ifemebd_ofebia_[
ceZ[hd_pWY` h[if[ajk`}Y}" m_ Y[` Ä moaehpo#
fhp[c_Wdo"jemaWêZochWp_[pf[mdeØY_}d_[
ijk`}Y}`[`ime_ije؂59pojed_[chpedaW59po
pXb_êW`}dWiZeY[bk$
feijkbWj ceZ[hd_pWY`_ eZmek`}Y[` i_ Ze feZ#
c_ejemeØY_akbjkhem[`_feb_joYpd[`d_[`[ijdW
FeYpkY_[aed_[YpdeØY_ceZ[hd_pWY`_khkY^Wc_W
moheij5Jkp]eZo`kêd_[cW"WmZ_W]depWY^
_dijodaj_c_jWYo`do$Jed_[deme؂$éedWceZ#
fhp[mWêWf[ioc_pc"ZeZW`coÄdW`YpWhd_[`ipo
dWYpoJWZ[kipAhe¸ia_jehŒêd[ÄhWppWXWmd["
f[ioc_pc$ EZZW`}Y ifhWm_[Zb_me؂ j[` feijW#
Yp ØY_[` ijhWipd[ Ä mY_[b[d_W j[` iWc[` ^_ijeh__$
m_[" jhp[XW fem_[Zp_[‚" ê[ ije_ pW d_} m_[b[
@[ZdWaai[heaef_WhaW'fejhp[Xk`[ceYoFeaedk
'$ FWhj_W ai[heaef_Wha_ je `[Zde p dW`ijWhipoY^ febia_Y^ ijhedd_Yjm feb_joYpde#ZkY^emoY^$ >_fej[p " ê[ _ijd_We ede
IjhedW%-)
J[ebe]_WFeb_joYpdW+%(&&/#(&'&
MY[djhkckmW]_0feZc_ejeme؂
meX[YceYoD_ia_[]efeaedkfhp[Zi_}"ajŒhW
Y_[ê `[Zodoc" ajŒho fepmWbW X[p dWZc_[hd[]e
cWfhp[c_[d_‚_pXWm_‚$×m_WZec_[cŒm_cojk
moi_ak kpoiaW‚ mhWê[d_[ f[md[]e pm_}pak
e f[mdoc êWhb_moc c_ijoYopc_[ _c_jWjehijmW"
p hp[Ypom_ijeØY_}$ é[Xo ]e kfhWm_W‚ bWc[dje#
e `[]e coij[h_kc jh[c[dZ_i Ä Xe `[ij je heZpW`
mW‚"moijWhYpom_[Zp_[‚"ê[Øm_Wjjk0FebiaW
feijWmoh[b_]_`d[`"ajŒhWc_[mWime`[feb_joYpd[
`[ijpo"mij[Ypdo"Y_[cdoÄ_d_[Ypk‚fejhp[Xo
aedi[am[dY`[ m feijWY_ ikêWbijmW Ypo dWm[j
mZWmWd_Wi_ mZWbip[ikXj[bdeØY_$
pZhWZo l_Z[ Ahe¸ia_ _ ijWb_d_ØY_" Wb[ Yp ije j[ê
moij fk`[ m feijWY_ akbjk Ypoije ZkY^em[]e"
IfŒh p ai[heceZ[hd_pWjehWc_ je dW`femWêd_[`#
kjhmWbed[]e m heZpW` ]hocWik d_[Y^ Y_ meX[Y
ipoXeZW`ifŒh???Hp[Ypofeifeb_j[`$Fejoc`Wa
Øm_WjWYedj[cfjkickdZ_$D_YZp_md[]e"Y^e#
ipYp Øb_m_[iae¸Ypoi_ [jWfceZ[hd_pWY`_f[[#
Zp_mipWaeakbjceYojWahWZoaWbd_[jhWdiY[dZk#
h[bemia_[`"fe`Wm_Wi_ ]mWjemdW_ZeXhp[phe#
`}Y[`fehp}Z[ap_[cia_febia_"ê[d_[ceêdW`[`
pkc_WW fejhp[XW hŒmdWd_W Ze ;khefo$ M_[b[
ef_iW‚_dWYp[`d_ê` poa_[cWfe\Wjoa_"Wmjocmo#
_ jhW\d_[ f_iomWde mŒmYpWi e d_[X[pf_[Yp[¸#
fWZakÄêWhb_m[`d[]WY`_mipoija_[]e"YeheZp_c[$
ijmWY^X[pcoØbd[`_c_jWY`_"efejhp[X_[ahojoYp#
DWm[j`[Øb_pXWmY dWpomWi_ YpWi[c_c_edWc_
d[]e dWcoik dWZ fhpo`cemWdoc_ mpehYWc_"
fhpomeZp}Yoc_dWcoØb`Wa_[Øp`Wm_iaW[cf_hoYp#
W fhp[Z[ mipoija_c dWZ ifeieXWc_ Zeijeie#
d[;khefW"PWY^ŒZ"F[j[hiXkh]"CeiamW"8[hb_d
momWd_W f[mdoY^ hepm_}pW¸ Ze mWhkdaŒm
YpoM_[Z[¸"jefhp[Y_[ê\WajoYpd_[d_[fhpofec_#
febia_Y^$ :Wh[cd_[$ MfhemWZpedo p e]hecd}
dWedjoY^hp[Ypom_ijeØY_md_Ypoc$M_[ejoc
XhkjWbdeØY_} ZkWb_pc Ö;khefW#pWØY_Wd[aÇ Z[Ğ#
aWêZo" aje ;khef " PWY^ŒZ Ypo F[j[hiXkh] pdW
d_jomd_[pWcoaWZoiaki` eÖfebia_[`ZheZp[Ç
p X[pfeØh[Zd_[]e eXYemWd_W Y^e‚ fh[j[di`[ Ze
Y^mWW8e]k"jobaeZoiaki` "XeceZ[hd_pWY`W
[cf_hoYpdeØY_X Z}i_ jkpWmip[fe`Wm_W‚$
_jWaipWime`}"jepdWYpofebia}Zhe]}$IojkWY`W
femijWWfekfWZakaeckd_pckehWpjemWhpo#
Ai[heaef_WhaW feik]k`[ i_ j[Y^d_a} \eje]hW#
ip}Yo`[`ab_cWjae¸YW^_ijeh__d_[fhpoYpod_Wo
ĞYpd}" Wb[ d_[ \eje]hW\k`[ hp[Ypom_ijeØY_" jobae
i_ Ze fe] X_Wd_W am[ij__ hepm_}pW¸ Wbj[hdW#
j[aijoÄj[aijoeYkZpoY^ifhWmWY^"cWhp[d_WY^
jomdoY^ meX[Y `[ZdeheZd[]e Ä `Wa Y^Y_Wde
_fheXb[cWY^$Ai[hk`}Y"ije_cofb[YWc_ZeejWYpW#
m_[hpo‚ Ä mpehYW _ fkdajk Ze`ØY_W$ Ab iaW ae#
`}Y[]eØm_WjWÄfhpeZ[cZeai[heaef_Wha_"jo[c
ckd_pck" m_p`[ <hWdY_iW <kakoWco" d[eĞYa_
Zem_[hdoY^$Febia m_ZW‚jkjobaemaedj[aØY_[
pWfWheZp_coY^WhY^_j[ajŒmÄjejobaed_[ajŒh[
pW]hWd_YpdoY^ef_d__dW`[`j[cWj1fe`Wm_[d_[i_ _cfkbio fe] X_W`}Y[ c_bb[dWhoijoYpdo hoi feb#
p[`ef_d__`[ijdW`ijhWipd_[`ip}hp[Yp}"`WaWceê[
ia_[` jhWdi\ehcWY`_" efWhj[` dW ime_ØY_[ h[b_]_`#
i_ pZWhpo‚$Ai[heaef_WhaWd_[ZeijWhYpWcWj[h_W#
d[` m_p`_ X[pWbj[hdWjomd[` Zhe]_ fhp[c_Wd" dW
kZeef_ikhp[Ypom_ijeØY_"ajŒhWcWkb[Ypc_W#
akbY_[f[md[]e"mfhWmZp_[d_[mohW…d[]e"Wb[
d_[$:bWj[]ej[êmef_iWY^j[`eijWjd_[`"moY^e#
d_[pdeip}Y[]e ifhp[Y_mk mpehYW" ajŒho cki_
Zp}YoY^ ifeZ f_Œh YpedaŒm j[]e ijhedd_YjmW"
peijW‚ khp[Ypom_ijd_edo X[p dW`cd_[`ipoY^
Zec_dk`[ \ehcW bWc[djWY`_$ IfeØhŒZ ]WjkdaŒm
pc_Wd" W p f[mdeØY_} X[p êWZdoY^ Zoiaki`_$
ZW`}YoY^ipWdi fheheYp[]ehepcWY^k`[ijfhp[#
M aipjWjemWd_k j[]e ZkY^em[]e ab_cWjk
`kê pW C_[ipaW ?" dWb[êo kpdW‚ pW moieY[ fhWmZefeZeXd} pmeb[dd_Yo j[]e ijhedd_YjmW fhefedemWb_ mŒmYpWi
Y^hp[ijph}aY[iWhpW$FWhj_WjWmoij femWWhŒmd_[êk@W‚m_d]Œm_FhkiŒm"mØhŒZajŒhoY^^Wi[cÖhepfkipYp[d_Wi_ m;khef_[ÇpZeXoWc_WêZê}Y}fhp[mW] dWZfWhj_Wc_ijWm_W`}Yoc_dWfeZc_ejeme؂joY^fb[c_ed$FehWpf_[hmipo
moahojWfhp[ph[ZWaY` ÖJ[ebe]__Feb_joYpd[`Çmj[aØY_[@F(mahW_d_[b_b_fkjŒmp(&&,heak"]Zp_[f_iWb_Øco"ê[^[hX[c
febia_Y^b_b_fkjŒm`[ijai[heaef_WhaW"WeZhkY^ai[hemWd_WpWij fk`[eZhkY^coØb[d_W"ZeYp[aWWi_ ip[h[]kZWbipoY^
efhWYemW¸$M`[Zdocpd_Y^ijkZ_kcefhWYemWdocfhp[ph[ZWajehŒmÖ<hedZoÇpdWbWpei_ eah[Øb[d_[Öai[heaed#
i[hmWjopcÇ$8WhZpefhpofWZedWcZe]kijk$Ij}ZZWbip[mWh_WY`[0ai[heceZ[hd_pWY`W"ai[heb[m_YW[jY$
IjhedW%-*
CeZ[hd_pWY`_d_[ZWi_ iai[hemW‚
:Wh_kipAWhem_Yp
if[Y`Wbd} heb f[d_W Ä Ye phepkc_W[ Ä ]hkfW
mYpWiWY^cedefebk_d\ehcWYo`d[]ejoY^bWjd[e#
dWjY^d_edoY^fheheaŒmjhWdi\ehcWY`_"jWapmW#
aedi[hmWjoØY_hpWZaefe`Wm_Wb_i_ mc[Z_WY^$
doY^ [aif[hjŒm Ä bkZp_ fhp[ZijWm_WdoY^ `Wae
:p_ØiojkWY`Wpc_[d_Wi_ ejob["ê[cWcoa_baW
fei_WZW`}Yo heZpW` X[pfeØh[Zd_[]e aedjWajk
cd_[`bkXXWhZp_[`mfomemoY^Y[djhŒmkik]
pWhYompehY[c$;aif[hY_d_[Xob_fefheijkif[#
ai[he$IpYp[]Œbd_[ZeXhp[m_ZW‚ai[heaef_Whd_ Y`Wb_ijWc_" ajŒhpo ifeØhŒZ hŒêdoY^ ceêb_moY^
d_[c_[Ya}" ajŒhW m feb_joY[ [khef[`ia_[` eXik#
hepm_}pW¸fh[p[djemWb_j[Ä_Y^pZWd_[cÄdW`#
]k`[X[hb_¸ia}W][dZ fehmWd_W;khefo"Wmakb#
b[fip["b[YpfheheaWc_"ajŒhpoeXm_[ipYpWb_hep#
jkhp[Äfbk]WmomWh_WdjjWXbe_ZWbd[`"d_^_b_ijoYp#
m_}pWd_W `[Zod[" d_[feZmW#
d[` eY^beahWY`_ ZbW XWhZp_[`
êWbd[" c}Zh[ _ ZeXh[$ 9^e‚
Ai[heceZ[hd_pWY`WpWaWZW moXh[ZdoY^ ifhp[ZWmWdo
Wd_^_bWY` "Xem_[cae×bWmW mY_[da_[`jhWZoY`edWb_ijoYp#
dWjkhWpWijWd[`hp[Ypom_ije×Y_ d[` feb[m_[ pWfhWm_ed[` fe#
d_[dWZW`[i_ Zefhp[hŒXa_1 fkb_pc[cZbWabWioØh[Zd_[`
mocW]WedWkd_Y[ijm_[d_W" ehWpai[heaef_Whd_ demeb[#
m_Yem}"eajŒh[`Y_}]b[jhkZ#
WYedW`cd_[`eiWX_[d_W"
hepbk…d_[d_WYpohepfkipYp[d_W deYeaebm_[afem_[Zp_[‚"Xe
m`Wa_[`×b[fip[`hp[Ypom_ije×Y_$ pdW`Zk`[i_ edWm[mYp[id[`
JeéiWceׂ"feZc_ejemeׂ \Wp_[eZahomWd_W"ê[_ijd_[`[
mim[`eX[Yd[`feijWY_`Wm_} YeØ fepW ai[he1 d_[ XhWak`[
i_ `Waefhp[ipaeZW"XWh_[hW" `[ZdWa _ fecd_[`ipoY^ Ä dW
fhpoaWZ b_X[hjWh_W¸iaW" ie#
ajŒh}jhp[XWfhp[WcW‚$
DW`f_[hmWd_^_bWY`W"fej[c Y`WbZ[ceahWjoYpdW Ypo Y^W#
Z[YaW$
ceZ[hd_pWY`W1dW`f_[hm
d_ipYpoco"fej[cai[hk`[co$
JWa m_ Y Y[b" mpŒh" h[Y[f#
Pj[`f[hif[ajomo
FebiaW`Wm_i_ `WaejW"ajŒh[` jW" dW`mWêd_[`ip[ iaWZd_a_
jhp[XWZW‚demeYp[ideׂmXh[m cW`} peijW‚ ZeijWhYped[
d_[`iWc[`"jhp[XW`[`eĝWhemW‚ p p[md}jhp$ <ehc dWZW‚
feZc_ejemeׂ"jY^d}‚dem[ ceê[ jobae dWY_ia _Z}Yo
éoY_["dWdeme`}ijmehpo‚ ifepW kaWZk eZd_[i_[d_W$
ÃjobaeYpod_[`[ijjeWcX_Y`W IWmdW aebXW Ahe¸ia_[]e je
j iadejW pW f_[Yp Y_}" ajŒhW
ZeajehW<hWda[dij[_dW5
Zp_Ø `kê jhkZde m je km_[#
hpo‚"d_[ceêdWXoed_[p]W#
ZpW‚i_ pd_c_"d_[ijW`}Yi_ jociWcocÄdWceYoiWc[`
be]_a_Äa_cØ]kf_c_poc$
7he]WdYaW eXik]W ai[he#
aef_Wha_ pWX_W ceêb_me؂
kfeZc_ejWm_W`}Y[` Zoiaki`_
e febia_[` ZheZp[ fhp[c_Wd$
Aje d_[ Xo aWfWd[c" d_[
c_Wd_YZe]WZWd_W"Wm_[hd_
c_[b_ikY^W‚feZ]he…X}"ê[
eaWê[i_ "_êd_[hWZp}ieX_[
p m_[ba_c ZWh[c mebdeØY_"
ê[ moY^eZp_ p d_Y^ ^ece
iel_[j_YkiWbXepWØY_Wdaemo
fhem_dY`kip"Y_[cd_Wa"eipe#
ec" dWY`edWb_ijW" ai[de\eX
YpofefheijkY^Wc$
D_[X Z fhpofec_dWmipoij#
a_Y^pc_[d_W`}YoY^i_ jofŒm
ai[heaef_Wh[a$ :[abWhWjom#
febia_[` WcehĞYpd[` hp[Ypo#
do ai[heb_X[hWb_pc m [aedec__ jobae Z[abWhW#
m_ijeØY_dWZWfeê}ZWdoaipjWj$=ŒmdocfheX#
jomdo" Xe m fhWajoY[ moY^eZp_ p j[]e hWYp[`
b[c[cai[heceZ[hd_pWY`_d_[`[ijdWm[jWXijhWa#
aWf_jWb_pcfeb_joYpdomif_[hWedW`f_[hmme`em#
Yo`de؂mpehkY^e‚jej[ê`[ijaefej"b[Yp\Waj"
d_Yp[ feb_joYpde#akbjkhem[ ai[he \hWdYkiae#bW_#
ê[_d_Y`WY`W`[ijjkdW`Yp ØY_[`_d_Y`WY`}m[mhe#
Yae#eØm_[Y[d_em[$M}jWefepoY`W_dj[b[ajkWbdW
]e؂meX[YmifŒbdejo$:bWj[]eceZ[hd_pWjehpo
d_[XoWph[ipj}m_[b[b[fipW$Aedğ_ajhp[aec[]e
jWa Yp ije ae¸Yp} `[Øb_ d_[ j[hheh[c ak j[ck
d[kjhWb_pck p ai[heaedi[hmWjopc[c X[ph[#
d_[ pWmip[ _ijd_[`} j[Y^d_Ypd[ ceêb_meØY_" je
ğ[aio`d_[ aef_emWdoc d[eaedi[hmWjopc[c
Ye dW`cd_[` fhŒX} ijo]cWjopWY`_ _ moabkYpWd_W
moZWmW i_ `[Zd} p dW`mWêd_[`ipoY^ b_d__ ife#
mij[Ypd_aŒm" pWcoaWd_[c Zoiaki`_" fe]WhZ}
hk" jeYped[]e m bWjWY^ Zp_[m_ ‚Zp_[i_}joY^
_ fhp[Z[ mipoija_c fhp[ceêd} Y^ Y_} d_ipYp[#
dW \ehkc bkX ceê[ hWYp[` dW i[c_dWh_WY^" Xe
d_Wj[]e"YepWijWd[Äiem[c"mWba}peX`WmWc_
IjhedW%-+
J[ebe]_WFeb_joYpdW+%(&&/#(&'&
MY[djhkckmW]_0feZc_ejeme؂
jeêiWceØY_ _ feZc_ejemeØY_$ Ai[heceZ[hd_pW#
fhWYo" `[Øb_ d_[ m aed\[i`edWb[1 ]Zp_[ pdWbWpW
Y`W pWaWZW Wd_^_bWY` " Xem_[c aeØbWmW dWjkhW
imŒ` Zec mifŒYp[idW ieb_ZWhde؂" `[Øb_ d_[
pWijWd[`hp[Ypom_ijeØY_d_[dWZW`[i_ Zefhp[#
m_dif_hemWdoY^Y^hp[ØY_`W¸ijm[cbkXmfheij
hŒXa_1 mocW]W edW kd_Y[ijm_[d_W" W Ye dW`#
Y^hp[ØY_`W¸ia_Y^ _dijojkY`WY^ ZeXheYpoddoY^"
cd_[` eiWX_[d_W" hepbk…d_[d_W Ypo hepfkipYp[#
akbjkhWbdoY^_iWcefeceYemoY^1]Zp_[p_WhdW
d_Wm`Wa_[`Øb[fip[`hp[Ypom_ijeØY_$JeêiWce؂"
pd_ipYped[]efhp[pFHBh[fkXb_aWd_pckeZhW#
feZc_ejeme؂mim[`eX[Yd[`feijWY_`Wm_}i_ ZpW`} i_ jWa Xk`d_[" `Wa meaŒ fWhWĞ_ Yp ije
`Wae fhp[ipaeZW" XWh_[hW" ajŒh} jhp[XW fhp[W#
X Z}Y[`ph[ipj}`[ZodocY[djhkcahoijWb_pWY`_
cW‚$DW`f_[hmWd_^_bWY`W"fej[cceZ[hd_pWY`W1
feZc_ejemeØY_cWoY^mifŒbdej5é[mipoijae
dW`f_[hmd_ipYpoco"fej[cai[hk`[co$Pj[`f[h#
jecWe5P]eZWé[mipoijaejeY_}]b[iWX[_d_[
if[ajomoFebiaW`Wm_i_ `WaejW"ajŒh[`jhp[XW
dWc_Wh cWhp[¸5EYpom_ØY_[é[akbWm[_d_[#
ZW‚demeYp[ide؂mXh[md_[`iWc[`"jhp[XW`[`
ZeiaedW[5@WadW`XWhZp_[`9po_ijd_[`[`[ZdWa
eĞWhemW‚feZc_ejeme؂"jY^d}‚dem[êoY_["dW
`Wa_Ø _ddoeØheZ[a" ajŒho cŒ]Xo aedakhemW‚
deme`}ijmehpo‚ÄjobaeYpod_[`[ijjeWcX_Y`W
pAeØY_e[c5é[dWPWY^eZp_[mo]b}ZWjeb[f_[`5
ZeajehW <hWda[dij[_dW5 9po ceêb_mW `[ij feb_#
7b[pYpoci_ fehŒmdk`[co5PahW`Wc_"fhp[p
joYpde؂[nd_^_be59pojWdemWfeZc_ejeme؂
ajŒh[d_[fhp[ip[ZaWjWab_pcZmŒY^jejWb_jWho#
`[ij m e]Œb[ ceêb_mW" Ypo d_[ X Zp_[ êoY_[c
pcŒm5Mebd[êWhjo$FehŒmdW`coi_ pahW`Wc_"
fepehdoc59poÄifojW`coÄX Zp_[jeaebed_W#
majŒhoY^aeckd_ØY_pfeZeXd}\kh_}d_ipYpob_
b_pc"YpohepmŒ`5
jaWda ife[YpdoY^m_ p_"cehWbdeØY__eXoYpW#
`Œm$PHei`}"B_jm}"8_Wehki_}"KahW_d}"IemW#
EYpom_ØY_[ Y[djhWbdoc fheXb[c[c `[ij" `Wa
Y`}"9p[Y^Wc_"Hkckd_}"8k]Wh_}$$$9pohp[Ypo#
pmoab[" iaWdZWb_YpdW febiaW h[b_]_`de؂$ 9Œê
m_ØY_[mFebiY[`[ijjWaijhWipd_[5FehŒmdW`co
pWmijoZ9epWkjhkZd_[d_[DWipYp ØY_[feZ
ZWd[$7bXehpk‚coea_[cdWXWZWd_WfeaWpk`}Y[
h a}cWcoj[eh_ i[akbWhopWY`_$@Wajeeah[Øb_
fepojomd} aeh[bWY` c_ Zpo Z[abWhemWd} h[b_#
8hed_iWmM_bZij[_d"aec[djk`}YfkXb_YoijoYp#
]_`deØY_}WfeijWmWc_ifhpo`W`}Yoc_hepme`em_
d} m[hi` j[` j[eh__" ]ei_ edW" ê[ mWhkda_[c
hodak"Z[ceahWY`_"pWWd]WêemWd_keXomWj[bia_[#
XkZemo WkjeijhWZ i} fkij[ aeØY_eo _ WdWbe#
ck$Mip Zp_[m_ZW‚je"Yp[]ei_ d_[Y^Y[fhpo#
]_Ypdo Ze [khef[`ia_[]e fep_ec hepmeZŒm$
`}‚ Ze m_WZeceØY_$ 9^hp[ØY_`W¸ijme eiWZped[
J[eh_WjWd_[`[ij`kêmceYo5PeijWWi\WbioĞae#
m ceYdoY^" eXZWhpWdoY^ pWk\Wd_[c _dijojk#
mWdW"mWØd_[mFebiY[59Œêpj[]eM[b_jWY^
Y`WY^febia_[]eAeØY_eWmif_[hWXkZem i_bd[`"
ceZ[hd_pWjehŒmd_]Zod_[pWXhWad_[pmeb[dd_#
demeYp[id[`"Wb[_feZc_ejem[`Febia_$
aŒmj[po"ê[p_[c_W`[ijfWiaWpmWipYpW]Zo
IjhedW%-,
m ai[he ZW`} Y_}]b[ Fjeb[c[kipW$ M ipabWd[`
9pj[ho_fŒc_b_edWbkZp_eZm_[ZpW`}Y[Yeheak
XWd_mY_}êfemjWhpWi_ j cWdjh fheip pW`#
@Wid} =Œh je iŒb demeYp[id[` Febia_$ JhkZde
hp[‚ZeZp_[dd_aŒm$MXh[m\Wajec"mXh[mXW#
fhpopdW‚ je bkZp_ec mohWijW`}Yoc p jhWZoY`_
ZWd_ec"mXh[meYpom_ijeØY_$EiWX_‚AeØY_Œ"
feijeØm_[Y[d_em[`$@[Øb_m_[hpo‚XWZWd_ec"_Y^
hepcedjemW‚aWjeb_YopcAWêZo"ajepWY^emk#
mWbaW p AeØY_e[c d_[ fecW]W ceZ[hd_pWY`_$
`[c_d_cWbdoY^e‚XoaedjWajphp[Ypom_ijeØY_}"
Fhp[Y_md_[$ 8o‚ ceê[ m _ijeY_[ d_[ e ceZ[h#
m_Zp_" ê[ fecoi dW ceZ[hd_pWY` WdjoaWjeb_#
d_pWY` jkY^eZp_"Wb[mWØd_[eAeØY_Œ$7djo#
Ya}ceê[femijW‚mo}Ypd_[m]emWY^c_[ip#
ab[hoaWbdo êWh m_[bk ahojoaŒm fepmWbW pWho#
aW¸YŒmipabWd[`XWd_ÄXWd_pheX_ed[`pXWhZpe
poaemW‚^_fej[p "ê[d_[`[Z[dpd_Y^p]eZp_Xo
]hkX[]e" d_[fhp[pheYpoij[]e ipaW$ Jhp[XW d_[
i_ dWm[jdWFebia X_[Zd}"Xob[jobaed_[XoW
efkipYpW‚ AhWaemia_[]e Fhp[Zc_[ØY_W" ê[Xo
aWjeb_YaW$JWaWm_p`WceZ[hd_pWY`_`[ijd_[job#
j[]ed_[m_Zp_[‚$=Zp_[heZp_i_ febiaW[joaW
aed_[c}ZhW"Wb[_fhp[Y_miakj[YpdW$
CeZ[hd_pWY`_d_[ZWi_ iai[hemW‚
:Wh_kipAWhem_Yp
Ai[heceZ[hd_pWjehpo cW`} _cfedk`}Yo hep#
9po d_[ceêb_mo `[ij pWj[c mWh_Wdj aebed_pW#
cWY^ m imoY^ `[h[c_WZWY^$ PXkZemW‚ jhp[XW
Y`_5Ceêb_mo"Y^e‚d_[pXojh[Wb_ijoYpdo$Ph[ipj}
mipoijae eZ feYp}jak$ Mipoijae dWb[êo pc_[#
md_[ajŒhoY^eXipWhWY^_c_jWY`Wd_[moZW`[i_ d_‚ Ä [b_jo" eXoYpW`[" dehco$ IjhWipd[ i} m_[Ø
d_Ypoc ipaeZb_moc$ 9poc _ddoc `[ij fhWiW"
_c_Wije"ijhWipdofheXeipYp"ijhWipdW`[ijfebiaW
c[Z_W"feb_joaW"majŒhoY^jeeXipWhWY^ikm[#
heZp_dW p e`Y[c#johWd[c _ cWja} pckipWd} Ze
h[dde؂ ijWdem_ _ijejdo [b[c[dj hWY`_ ijWdk"
heZp[d_W Zp_[Y_" Wb[ dW`ijhWipd_[`ipo `[ij pWXe#
WYpoc_ddocj[Y^debe]_["dWkaWYpoĞdWdi[
Xed0 ijhWipd_ i} Y_[cd_ bkZp_[ ceZb}Yo i_ Ze
Y^e‚ _ jk fem_dd_Øco hepm_`W‚ i_ fbWdeme
DW`Øm_ jip[`FWd_[da_"ijhWipd_i}f_[b]hpoc_Ze
_[d[h]_Ypd_[$KYpcoi_ ĞdWdiŒmeZD_[cYŒm"
9p ijeY^emo" ijhWipd[ i} Zp_[Y_ _dZeajhodemW#
eZ <hWdYkpŒm \kdaY`edemWd_W _dijojkY`_ fW¸#
d[ dW b[aY`WY^ h[b_]__ fhp[p ijhWipdoY^ aWj[Y^[#
ijmemoY^" eZ 7d]b_aŒm ioij[ck fWhjo`d[]e"
jŒm" ijhWipdo `[ij fhpo]d_[Y_edo h[b_]_} eXoYpW`
WiWceeh]Wd_pWY`_eZ7c[hoaWdŒmÄWb[` poaW
Ämipoijae$CeZ[hd_pWjehpoi}pdWid_[pWZeme#
akbjkho _ feb_joa_ kYpco i_ eZ ime_Y^ kcWh#
b[d_$I}dWXkhckip[d_"eXhWê[d_"Zejad_ Y_Zeêo#
oY^$ 7 je" Ye cŒm_} m ifhWm_[ aebed_pWY`_"
m[]eC_jodWb[êomohpkY_‚dWØc_[jd_aH[b_]_ `[ij`Wid[$:bWjoY^"ajŒhpoÄ`WaYpojWcodWZ
hepc_ aYpo‚EXoYpW`hepmeZd_‚:kc pWij}f_‚
Zhpm_Wc_Ckp[kcFemijWd_WMWhipWmia_[]e
mijoZ[c"Wmifecd_[d_WY^mWomifecd_[d_W#
Ä ÖY^Y} Xo‚ mebd_ _ mebde؂ ieX_[ pWmZp_ #
c_^W¸XoMipoijaejeXhpc_f_ ad_["pmWipYpW
YpW‚Ç"aebed_pWY`Wd_[`[ij_dj[h[ik`}YW$
fed_[c_[Yak1job["ê[`[ijX[pi[diemd[$
DW aed_[Y d_[Zk]_ m_[hipoa eZdWb[p_edo d_[#
Je dWipW hp[Ypom_ije؂$ KhkY^Wc_W`} `} dWip[
ZWmde m fWf_[hWY^ dWb[ê}YoY^ mYp[Ød_[` dW`#
c_jo" pWbkZd_W`} dWi_ kcWhb_" Ze ]Œho feZdei_
fhWmZefeZeXd_[` Ze AedijWdj[]e ?bZ[\ediW
ceZb_jmWZe9p ijeY^emia_[`FWd_[da_$Ij}Zi_W
=WYpo¸ia_[]e$C_ce_êd_[`WidW`[ijZWjW_eae#
__cf[jfejhp[Xd["XoXkZemW‚demeYp[id[_d#
b_YpdeØY_ `[]e femijWd_W" W am[ij_W WkjehijmW
ijojkY`["akbjkh _fW¸ijme$D_[cW_dd[]e…hŒZ#
fepeijW`[ Y_}]b[ fhp[Zc_ej[c ifehk pdWb[…b_
WceYo"_dif_hWY`_"_dd[]ejmehpomW"_dd[]e` #
i_ XWZWYp["ajŒhpoam[ij_edk`}\Waj"ê[jecW[
poaW"ajŒhocceêdWefem_[Zp_[‚mifŒbd[Y[b[
WhYoZp_[aemoipeifeZf_ŒhWc_ijhpWÄhp[Yp
_ c[jeZo _Y^ h[Wb_pWY`_ CeZ[hd_pWY`_ d_[ ZW i_ moZW`[i_ ]eZdWkmW]_$M_[hipefWjhpedope#
iai[hemW‚$CeêdW`}jobaepXkZemW‚$:bWYp[]e5
ijWZ[ZoaWY`}$D_[ij[jo"Ze؂d_[Ypoj[bd}$éoYp Fed_[mWê ceêdW `} ijmehpo‚ jobae p cWj[h_Wk
c_[`b[ajkho$
h[Wbd_[ _ijd_[`}Y[]e" W d_[ mo_cW]_demWd[]e1
cWj[h_W"m_p`WY[bk"pWfW__cfkbickip}feY^e#
:bWNNQjkd_[mohW…d_[S
Zp_‚pmd jhpWmifŒbdejo$DemeYp[ide؂cki_
Xo‚mWidW"WbXemYWb[`[`d_[X Zp_[$@[Øb_c_[ip#
CeZ[hd_pWY`W
aW¸YoipabWd[`XWd_d_[hepkc_[`}"ia}Z_Zp_[jW
ce 9Zgd_pWY`W
i_W"d_[Y^mY[bWY^YpoijeXWZWmYpoY^moX_eh}
:[hCed_pWY`W
i_ dWf_[b]hpoca Ze9p ijeY^emo$H[abWcemW#
Aebed_pWY`W
do_dj[h[i0]bW`Y^ipWbjWY`WmpWc_WdpWZeXheXoj
abefi
_ ifhWmd[ fW¸ijme `[ijĞaY`}$ FWhW\hWpk`}Y êWhj
M_bZij[_dWei[akbWhopWY`__WkjeijhWZWY^"ceêdW
:Wh_kipAWhem_Yp
fem_[Zp_[‚"ê[WkjeijhWZomFebiY[femijWd}d_[
mj[Zo"]Zoefkijeip[`}aeØY_eo"Wb[mj[Zo"]Zo
ĝbepe\"fh[p[i<kdZWY`_Öm_ j[]eC_aeW`W$
FebWYokpdW`}"ê[WkjeijhWZWc_mo]eZd_[`X Zp_[
EijWjd_ekaWpWei_ mpdem_[d_[
Y^eZp_‚dW@Wid}=Œh $
7hYofWhWZeai×c_[hY_(&&-$
IjhedW%--
J[ebe]_WFeb_joYpdW+%(&&/#(&'&
H
[
Z
W
a
Y
`
W
IjhedW%-.
f
e
b
[
Y
W
J[eh_Wi[akbWhopWY`_
_`[`êoY_[fepW]heXem[
Õ
P[ ×m_Wjem[` f[hif[ajomo Wc[hoaW¸ia_[
fe}Yp[d_[demeYp[ide×Y__h[b_]__moZW#
`[ i_ ceZ[b[c dehcWbdoc$ 9_[aWmoc
pW]WZd_[d_[c `[ij m_ Y d_[ je" ZbWYp[]e
7c[hoaW`[ijjWaWh[b_]_`dW"Wb[je"ZbWYp[#
]e;khefW`[ijjWaWp[×m_[YYpedW$
Õ
H_Y^WhZ@e^dD[k^Wki
I[akbWhopWY`[