Grammatical and Linguistic structures-Breakthough

Polish
Advanced
Specification Content
The following should be used as guidance on the content of Asset Languages Polish
Advanced External Assessment and Teacher Assessment materials.
Language Purposes and Functions
At the Advanced Stage, the realisation of these functions:
- builds on the specifications at the Intermediate Stage by adding length and
complexity to the language used;
- occurs in a wider range of areas and contexts.
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maintaining and managing communication (e.g. asking for repetition, monitoring
comprehension)
using conversational techniques (e.g. turn taking, hesitating, handling
interruptions)
giving information (detailed and general)
describing
managing ideas (e.g. ordering, presenting, connecting and summarising)
asking for and giving opinions
justifying opinions
responding to opinions
agreeing / disagreeing
evaluating options
adapting performance to context
asking for and giving reasons
comparing, contrasting
highlighting information
persuading
making and responding to suggestions
expressing obligation and lack of obligation
expressing and responding to attitudes and emotions
talking about the present
talking about the future
predicting / offering
expressing intention
talking about the past
handling narrative
expressing degrees of certainty and doubt
talking about ability
talking about (im)probability, (im)possibility and hypothesis
talk about conditions and consequences
giving advice
Asset Languages Polish Advanced
© OCR 2007
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Grammar and Linguistic Structures
All grammar and linguistic structures listed at Intermediate, plus:
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Nouns
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nouns that take extended suffixes, e.g. imię – imiona; zwierzę – zwierzęta
declension of proper nouns, e.g. Kościuszko, Wajda, Zakopane, Bielsko
declension of less frequent irregular nouns, e.g. ksiądz, chrzest, dech
nouns that take two forms, e.g. ucho – ucha / uszy
verbal nouns, e.g. napisanie, mycie, transformacja
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Prepositions
o prepositions denoting movement and prepositions denoting the state /
position, e.g. idę do domu – jestem w domu
o dual-case prepositions, e.g. kładę książkę na stół – książka jest na stole
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Verbs
o conditional mood with all sentence structures, e.g. Gdybym rozumiał,
powiedziałbym. – Gdybym rozumiał, tobym powiedział.
o verb families, e.g. pisać – przepisać – dopisać – wypisać - odpisać
o adjectival passive participle for both aspects, e.g. robione / odrobione
lekcje
o adverbial participle (prior), e.g. wytłumaczywszy; przyszedłszy
o impersonal form with się in all tenses
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Sentence structures
o subordinate relative clauses beginning with a preposition, e.g. Kolega, na
którego czekam …
o subordinate clause of time (future tense), e.g. kiedy przyjdę
o subordinate clauses of place, e.g. Na wakacje jadę tam, gdzie jest ciepło.
o subordiante clauses of purpose, e.g. Musisz się uczyć, żeby / by / aby
zdać egzamin.; Namawia nas, żebyśmy kupili nowy samochód.
o transforming subordinate clauses or participles into nominal
(prepositional) structures, e.g. Przeczytawszy książkę, oddała ją do
biblioteki. – Po przeczytaniu książki oddała ją do biblioteki.
o direct and indirect speech
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Conjunctions
o differences between, e.g. tylko / dopiero; że / iż; zanim / przed; mimo że /
pomimo
Vocabulary Areas
The vocabulary used in Advanced Stage includes a wide range of common items of
everyday communication and some high frequency idiom, plus a gradually increasing
element of vocabulary more specific to the topic of each task. Additionally, in the
receptive skills tasks, there will be some sections which may require the application
of inferential strategies, such as guessing unknown vocabulary. Occasionally, some
items may be glossed in the reading tasks to aid candidates.
Asset Languages Polish Advanced
© OCR 2007
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