Relationship of Androgyny and Mental Health with Marital

Relationship of Androgyny and Mental Health with Marital

66 - êê .ƆƇ | æèíê ŹŚƸŝ | æ įƵŹŚưƃ é ƩŚſ
ƱŚƳŻ šŚƘƫŚƐƯ
İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ İſŹźŝ
ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ
İưſŚƤƫřƺŝř ŽŚŞƗ źŤĩŵ
İƬǀŝŵŹř ƢƤŰƯ ƵŚĮƄƳřŵ İſŚƴƃƱřƹŹ Ƶƹźĭ İưƬƗ ŢŘǀƷ ƺƌƗ ƹ ŹŚƿŵŚŤſř
İŧźƯŚǀĩ Źŷō
ƪǀŝŵŹř ŵřŻō ƵŚĮƄƳřŵ İſŚƴƃƱřƹŹ Ƶƹźĭ İŝźƯ
ƵŶǀĪģ
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İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƱĥƹŹŶƳō ŵřźƟř ƶĩ ŢſřƵŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ İƄƷƹĦě įŚƷ ƶŤƟŚƿ .Ţſř İŤǀƈŴƃ
Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ żǀƳ ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř Źŵ .ŶƳŹřŵ įźţƂǀŝ
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ƹ ƵźǀƜŤƯŶºƴģ ƱƺǀºſźĭŹ Ʊƺºſźƿݺě ݺĭƶŤƀºŝ ƮƷ įŚƷƁƹŹ Śŝ ƹ įŹƹōŵźĭ źƿİƴĜſř İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
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Śºŝ ƱŚºƳŻ ƲǀºƴģƮºƷ .Ţºſř ƵźǀƜŤƯŶºƴģ ݺŗƶºƐŝřŹ ƹ (P = åǕåæ) ŹřŵŚƴƘƯ ƹ ƺſƮƷ (r = åǕèê)
ŵřŵ ƱŚƄºƳ ŚºƷƶŤƟŚƿ .ŶƳŹřŵ źţƮĩ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō Śŝ ƱŚƳŻ Żř įźŤƸŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ źţƂǀŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō
ƹ İƗŚºưŤūř ŵźĩŹŚºĩ Źŵ İƳŚƯŚºſƶºŝŚƳ śřźƐºƋř İºĭƵŵźƀºƟř įřŹřŵ Ʈºĩ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō Śŝ ƱŚƳŻ ƶĩ
ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ .Ţſř źţƮĩ ƱŚƳō Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ ŶƴŤƀƷ įźţƂǀŝ İƳŶŝ įŚƷŵŹŵ
Żř Ƃǀºě įŚƷƵŹƹŚƄƯ Źŵ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƂƤƳ ƶŝ ƶūƺţ .ŵŹřŵ İƳřƺųƮƷ źĮƿŵ įŚƷƂƷƹĦě įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ Śŝ
ƂƷƹĦºě Ʋºƿř ݺƬưƗ įŚºƷŹŚĩƵřŹ Żř İƴǀƫŚŝ ƹ İƳŚƯŹŵ żĩřźƯ Źŵ Ʊō ŵźŝŹŚĩ Ʋǀƴģ ƮƷ ƹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
.Ţſř
įŶǀƬĩ ƱŚĭƵĥřƹ
žİƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ žİƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ žİƳĥƹŹŶƳō
æèíê ŹŚƸŝ æ įƵŹŚưƃ é ƩŚſ
ƱŚƳŻ šŚƘƫŚƐƯ
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ŹŚŤƠĭƂǀě
ŶºƳƺǀě ŵźºƟ ŵƺºų Śºŝ źºĮƿŵ įƺºſ Żř ƹ ƶƘƯŚū Śŝ ƺſ Ĩƿ Żř ƶĩ Ţſř įŵŚƸƳ ƵŵřƺƳŚų
ŵƺºƃݺƯƵŵźưƃ ƶƘƯŚū ƲƿŵŚǀƴŝ įŚƷƶƿŚě Żř ƶĩ Ţſř İŗƵŻřŶƳř ƶŝ ŵŚƸƳ Ʋƿř ŢǀưƷř .ŵŹřŵ
ƹ ƲąǀºţžƳŹƺºŝ) Ţºſř ƮƫŚſ İŗƵŵřƺƳŚų ƶŝ İŝŚƿŢſŵ ƹźĭ Źŵ ƮƫŚſ İŗƶƘƯŚū ƶŝ ƱŶǀſŹ ƹ
.(æèíå ÎƲąǀţžƳŹƺŝ
Ţſř İƳŚƀƳř įƶƘƯŚū ƁźĮƳ įŚƷƕƺƋƺƯ ƲƿźţƶŤƀūźŝ Żř İĪƿ ÏİƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ
ƶƳŚŤºſƹŵ įŶºƳƺǀě İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚºſ .ŵŹřŸºĭݺƯ źŧř ƵŵřƺƳŚų įƶŤƀƿŚƃ ŵźĩŹŚĩ źŝ ƶĩ
įƺºƴƘƯ ƹ įŵŚºƯ įŚºƷŻŚǀƳ ƱŚºǀƯ ݺƤƐƴƯ İƫŵŚƘţ ƹ źĮƿŵĨƿ ħŹŵ ƹ ƮƷŚƠţ Śŝ ƵřŹƮƷ
ƭŚºƔƳ Źŵ ŵřźºƟř ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ ƱƺŤºſ ƲƿźºţįŵŚǀƴŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ .Ţſř ƱřźƀưƷ
ƹ įŹŚĩ ƖƋƹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ Ʋſ İƫŚƯ ƖƋƹ ŶƴƳŚƯ İƳƺĭŚƳƺĭ įŚƷƪƯŚƗ Żř ƶĩ Ţſř ƵŵřƺƳŚų
ƱřŶººŝ źººţƮººĩ Ʊřźººƿř Źŵ ƶººĩ ƶººģƱō .(æîîå ÐݺūźĪƯ ƹ ŚƸƴǀººſ) ŵźƿŸººěݺºƯ źººŧř ŜƷŸººƯ
Ʋºƿř Źŵ ƹŹ Ʋºƿř Żř .Ţºſř İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚºſ Źŵ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ƂºƤƳ ŢºſřƵŶƃƶŤƀƿźĮƳ
.ŵƺƃİƯ İſŹźŝ ƱŚƳŻ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ ƂƷƹĦě
ƂƷƹĦě įƶƴǀƄǀě
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İŤǀƀºƴū ƂƤƳ įźǀĭƺſ řŹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō (æîíæa) ÒƮŝ .Ţſř ÑİƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƵĦƿƹ ƶŝ İŤǀƀƴū
Źŵ ݺĭƶºƳřŵźƯ Żř ƮƷ ƹ İĭƶƳŚƳŻ Żř ƮƷ řŹ İƳřƹřźƟ įŚƷƶſŚƴƃ ŵźƟ Ʊō Źŵ ƶĩ ŶƳřŵİƯ
įŚºƷݺĭƵĦºƿƹ ƶĩ Ţſř İƀĩ ÔƱĥƹŹŶƳō źĮƿŵ ƲŴſ ƶŝ .ŵŻŚſİƯ ƶģŹŚěĨƿ ŵƺų ƂƴƯ
.ŵŹřŵ ƮƷ Śŝ řŹ İƳřƹřźƟ įƶƳŚƳŻ ƹ ƶƳřŵźƯ
Żř ƹ ŶƳŹřŵ ƱřźĮƿŵ Żř İŗƶƳŚĭřŶū İŤǀƀƴū įƶƳƺĭ ŚƷƱĥƹŹŶƳō (ƱŚưƷ) Ʈŝ ƵŚĭŶƿŵ Żř
ƮǀƷŚººƠƯ Ŷººƴŝ Źŵ ƱŚººƳō .ŶººƳř ŹřŵŹƺººųźŝ įźººţLJřƹ ƂƴººƯ ƹ źººŤƸŝ ݺºƳřƹŹ ŢººƃřŶƸŝ
įŚºƷŢºǀƘƣƺƯ ƶºŝ ŶºƯōŹŚĩ ݺƷŵŲºſŚě Źŵ ƹ ŶƴƳŚƯİưƳ İŤǀƀƴū ƂƤƳ įƶƳŚƄƿŶƳřĨƄų
įřŹřŵ ŵřźºƟř ƶºĩ ŵřŵ ƱŚƄºƳ İƄƷƹĦě Źŵ (æîíæb) Ʈŝ .ŶƳř źţŵřŻō źţƵŵźŤƀĭ ƹ ƱƺĭŚƳƺĭ
1. Bornstein, Philip H., and Bornstein, Marcy T.
2. Marital Adjustment
3. Sinha, S. P., and Makerjee, N.
4. Androgyny
5. Bem, Sandra Lipsitz
6. Sex Role Orientation
7. Androgynous
êì
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ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ İſŹźŝ
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ݺŗƵƺǀºƃ ƶŝ ƶƳřŵźƯ įŚƷŹŚĩ Źŵ ƱŚƃŵźĩŹŚĩ ƹ ŶƳř źƿŸěƂƯźƳ Lj
ľƯ Śĩ ŚƷƱĥƹŹŶƳō ƲƿřźŝŚƴŝ
.Ţſř ƶƳŚƳŻ İƃƹŹ ƶŝ ƶƳŚƳŻ įŚƷŹŚĩ Źŵ ƹ ƶƳřŵźƯ
Źŵ ƱŚƄƿŚƷƵźưƳ ƹ Ŷ ř źƳŤƸŝ ƹ źţƪƯŚĩ ƱřźĮƿŵ Żř ŚƷƱĥƹŹŶƳō (æîíæa) Ʈŝ ƵŚĭŶƿŵ Żř
Śºŝ (æîíç) ΞƴĜºſř Ʈºŝ Śºŝ ƺºſƮºƷ .Ţſř źţLJŚŝ İŤƴſ ƱŚƳŻ ƹ ƱřŵźƯ Żř žƠƳ šżƗ
įźºţƂǀºŝ žºƠƳ šżºƗ ŚƷƱĥƹŹŶƳō ƶĩ Ţſř ŹƹŚŝ Ʋƿř źŝ İƄƷƹĦě įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ ƶŝ ƁźĮƳ
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.Ţſř źţƂǀŝ ƶƳŚƿřźĭŢƴſ
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ƱĥƹŹŶºƳō ƱřŵźºƯ ƹ ƱŚºƳŻ ƶºƳřŵźƯ Śºƿ ƶƳŚƳŻ İŤǀƀƴū įƶƳƺĭ įřŹřŵ ŵřźƟř Śŝ ƶƀƿŚƤƯ Źŵ
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İŤǀƈºŴƃ İƳřƺºųƮºƷ ƶĩ ŶƳŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ İƄƷƹĦě Źŵ (æîîå) Ñħřƺǀƫ ƹ ŶƬƟĨƹƿą ŵŹŚĤƿŹ
įƵŶºƴƴĩƲǀºǀƘţ ƲǀŤƀºŴƳ ƹ İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ įřźŝ İŝƺų įƵŶƴƴĩİƴǀŝƂǀě ƱřźƀưƷ
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ݺĭƶƳƺĭƶģ ƹ ŢƃřŵŶƴƷřƺų įźţƮĩ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƮƷ Śŝ İĭƵŶƳŻ Źŵ ŶƴƃŚŞƳ ƱŚſƮƷ ƮƫŚſ
ŢƿŚºƋŹ ƲǀºƴģƮºƷ ŚƷƱō .Ţſř İƳĥƹŹŶƳō Źŵ ƱŚƳō įŶƴƳŚưƷ ƶŝ ƶŤƀŝřƹ ŹŚǀƀŝ ŶƳƺǀě Ʋƿř
źºţĬºƳŹƮĩ ŶƳř ƱŻ Żř İŤǀƀƴū İƄƤƳ ŹŚŤſřƺų Ʊō Źŵ ƶĩ İƿŚƷƵŵřƺƳŚų Źŵ řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
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ƹ źºţƮºĩ Ƃƴºţ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƶĩ ŶƳŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ (æîîæ) źƳšŹŚĭƲƹƿą ƹ Ʊƺſƪƿƹ īźŝ
Źŵ (æîîê) ÔƱřŹŚºĩƮºƷ ƹ ħŚºƷ .ŢºƃřŵŶƷřƺų İºě Źŵ řŹ İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ Żř źºţƂǀŝ ŢƿŚƋŹ
İŤƴºſ İŤǀƀºƴū ƂƤƳ ƹ ƲǀƿŚě İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƶĩ ŶƴŤƟŚƿŹŵ ŹřŵŶƳŻźƟ ŹŵŚƯ æéê İſŹźŝ
.Ŷƴĩ İƴǀŝƂǀě řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ŶƇŹŵ
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êì ŶƳřƺţİƯ
1. Spence, Janet T.
2. Agarwal, A. K
3. Cook, Rachel
4. Richard, London S., Wakefield Jr, James A., and Lewak, Richard
5. Russell, Robin J. H., and Wells, Pamela A.
6. Berg, Barbara J., Wilson, John F., and Weingartner, Paul J.
7. Hock, Ellen, Schirtzinger, Mary Beth, Lutz, Wilma J., and Widaman, Keith
æèíê ŹŚƸŝ æ įƵŹŚưƃ é ƩŚſ
ƱŚƳŻ šŚƘƫŚƐƯ
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įŚºƷźǀƜŤƯ ƹ İŤǀƀºƴū ƂºƤƳ ƶĩ ŶƳŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ (æîîê) ÎƭŚĤƴǀƟ ƹ ƪŞưĩ įźŝŵŝźă
ŢƿŚƋŹ ƱĥƹŹŶƳō ƱřźƀưƷ .Ţſř İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ įŚƷƵŶƴƴĩİƴǀŝƂǀě ƲƿźţƮƸƯ įŹŚŤƟŹ
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ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō İƿƺºſƮºƷ ƹ İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ İƄƷƹĦě Źŵ (æîíç) ƱŚĩ ƹ įŶƯ ŚſŚŝƺĩ
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źĭźŝŹŶǀƳ pŢƫƺĪſ ƹ ĨǀƳĥřźĩ ŶƿŚƷ .ŶƳŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ řŹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ
źºưƗ źºſřźſ Źŵ ݺĭ ƵŶºƳŻ źŝ İƳřƹřźƟ źǀŧŐţ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƶĩ ŶƴŤƟŚƿŹŵ İƄƷƹĦě Źŵ (æîîæ)
ƺºſƮƷ ƹ ƶŤƀŝřƹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ İĭƵŶƳŻ Żř ŢƿŚƋŹ ƶĩ ŶƳŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ƲǀƴģƮƷ ŚƷƱō .ŵŹřŸĭİƯ
.Ţſř İƳĥƹŹŶƳō Śŝ
.ŢºſřƵŶºƃ ƁŹřżºĭ ŹřŵŚºƴƘƯ źǀƳ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƃřŶƸŝ İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ
ŢƯLjºſ įřŹřŵ ƱřźƀºưƷ ƶºĩ ŶƳŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ŵƺų ƂƷƹĦě Źŵ (æîîë) ÑŢƫİƯ ƹ żŤƿƹƺĪƫŻ
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ƲºƿřŹ ƱŚºƟ ƹ Źƺºĩƺƴƿƹ .ŶºƳŹřŵ įźţŶƴƿōƁƺųŚƳ ƹ źţƮĩ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ źţƮĩ İƳřƹŹ
ƹ ƲºƯƂƿƹ .ŶƴŤƟŚƿ ŢŞŨƯ ƱřźƀưƷ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ źŝ řŹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ źǀŧŐţ (æîîè)
İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ ŢƿŚºƋŹ ƹ ݺĭƵŵźƀºƟř İƠƴƯ İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ ƶŝ İƄƷƹĦě Źŵ żǀƳ (æîîî) ÓŽƹźŝ
.ŶƴŤƟŚƿ Ţſŵ ƱŚƳŻ
ŶºƿŚŝ İºƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ Żř ƱřŹřŵŹƺųźŝ ƹ ŚƷƱĥƹŹŶƳō ƶĩ ŶƿŚưƳİƯ Ʋǀƴģ ƶŤƟŹƮƷįƹŹ
ݺºě Źŵ ƂƷƹĦººě Ʋººƿř Źŵ ƹŹ Ʋººƿř Żř .ŶƴºƃŚŝƶŤººƃřŵ żººǀƳ įźººŤƸŝ İƿƺººƃŚƳŻ ݺºĭƵŶººƳŻ
:ƮƿřƵŶƯōźŝ źƿŻ įŚƷƂſźě ƶŝ İƿƺĭŲſŚě
ŸŵŹřŵ İĭƶŤƀŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƶŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śƿō pæ
ŸŵŹřŵ İĭƶŤƀŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƶŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śƿō pç
ƵźǀƜŤƯŶºƴģ ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ƶŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ İĭƶŤƀŝřƹ Śƿō pè
ŸŢſř
1. Bradbury, Thomas N., Campbell, Susan M., and Fincham, Frank D.
2. Kobasa, Suzanne C., Maddi, Salvatore R., and Kahn, Stephen
3. Hyde, Janet Shibley, Krajnik, Michelle, and Skuldt-Niederberger, Kristin
4. Zelkowitz, Phyllis, and Milet, Tamara H.
5. Vinokur, Amiram D., and Van Ryn, Michelle
6. Whisman, Mark A., and Bruce, Martha L.
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ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ İſŹźŝ
ƂƷƹĦě ƁƹŹ
Źŵ .ŢºſřƵŶºƃ ƭŚŬƳř źĮƳƶŤƃŸĭ įƵƺǀƃ ƶŝ ƹ Ţſř İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ įƶƳƺĭ Żř ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř
źºǀƜŤƯ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ ƲǀŝƂǀě įŚƷźǀƜŤƯ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř
.ŢſřƵŶƃƶŤƀƳřŵ ħLjƯ
įŹŚƯō įƶƳƺưƳ ƹ ƶƘƯŚū
ƶºĩ Ţºſř æèíè ƩŚºſ Źŵ ƪºǀŝŵŹř źƸºƃ ŶƴƯŹŚĩ ƱŚƳŻ įƶưƷ ƂƷƹĦě įŹŚƯō įƶƘƯŚū
ŶºƴƯŹŚĩ ŹřŵźƀºưƷ ƱŻ çåå ƂƷƹĦºě įƶƳƺưƳ .ŵźǀĭİƯ źŝ Źŵ řŹ źƠƳ çååå ƶŝ ĨƿŵżƳ
ƪºǀŝŵŹř źƸºƃ Źŵ ƲĪƀºƯ ƹ İŤƀºƿżƸŝ įŹřŵźƸƃ ŶƴƳŚƯ İţŚƯŶų įŹřŵř įŚƷƱŚƯŻŚſ Źŵ
źºƷ ƱŚºƳŻ Żř ŶºƇŹŵ æå ƶºŝ ĨºƿŵżƳ) ݺŗƶƤŞƏ İƟŵŚƈţ įźǀĭƶƳƺưƳ ƁƹŹ Śŝ ƶ ŶƳ
ĩ ŵƺŝ
.ŶƳŶƃƵŶƿżĭ (ƵŹřŵř ƹ ƱŚƯŻŚſ
(éǕèç ŹŚǀƘƯ ƝřźŰƳř ƹ) çíǕìê ƲǀĮƳŚǀƯ Śŝ ƩŚſ èê Śţ çê ƱŚƳŻ İƴſ įƶƴƯřŵ
(źºƠƳ èç) ŶºƇŹŵæë (ƮƬĜºƿŵ) ƱŚŤºſźǀŝŵ įƶƯŚƳƂƳřŵ ƱŚƳŻ Żř (źƠƳ îå) ŶƇŹŵéê .ŵƺŝ
.ŶƴŤƃřŵ İſŚƴƃŹŚĩ įƶƯŚƳƂƳřŵ (źƠƳ ìí) ŶƇŹŵèî ƹ İƳřŵŹŚĩ įƶƯŚƳƂƳřŵ
ƂƷƹĦě Źřżŝř
:ŶƃƶŤƟźĭ ŹŚĩ ƶŝ ŚƷƵŵřŵ įŹƹōŵźĭ įřźŝ źƿŻ įŚƷŹřżŝř ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř Źŵ
Î
İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ŽŚǀƤƯ pæ
Ï
İƿŚƿŚě ŜƿźƋ ƹ ŵŹřŵ ƶƴƿżĭ èç Ţſř (æîìë) źƿİƴĜſř įƶŤųŚſ ƶĩ ŽŚǀƤƯ Ʋƿř
Śºŝ żºǀƳ ŽŚºǀƤƯ Ʋºƿř ݺƿřƹŹ .ŢºſřƵŶƯō Ţſŵ ƶŝ åǕîë űŚŝƱƹźĩ įŚƠƫō ŜƿźƋ Śŝ Ʊō
ƹ İƷŚºƃƲƀºů .(P < åǕåæ) ŢºſřƵŶºƃ ƁŹřżºĭ åǕéê ÐĢƿźºƳř İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ įƶƯŚƳƂſźě
.ŶºƳŵŹƹō Ţºſŵ ƶºŝ åǕîç ŽŚǀƤƯ Ʋƿř įřźŝ řŹ űŚŝƱƹźĩ įŚƠƫō ŜƿźƋ (æèíç) ƱřŹŚĩƮƷ
.ŵƺŝ åǕîç ŽŚǀƤƯ Ʋƿř įřźŝ ƵŶƯōŢſŵƶŝ űŚŝƱƹźĩ įŚƠƫō ŜƿźƋ żǀƳ ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř Źŵ
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Ʈŝ İŤǀƀƴū ƂƤƳ įƶƯŚƳƂſźě pç
Ʋºƿř Źŵ ƹ ŢºſřƶŤųŚºſ æîìí ƩŚºſ Źŵ Ƃºſźě êë Śºŝ Ʈºŝ řŹ ƶƯŚƳƂſźě Ʋƿř
Ʋºƿř įřźºŝ űŚŝƱƹźĩ įŚƠƫō ŜƿźƋ .ŢſřƶŤƟŹ ŹŚĩ ƶŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įźǀĭƵŻřŶƳř įřźŝ ƂƷƹĦě
1. Marital Adjustment Inventory
2. Spanier, Graham B.
3. ENRICH Marital Inventory
4. Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI)
æèíê ŹŚƸŝ æ įƵŹŚưƃ é ƩŚſ
ƱŚƳŻ šŚƘƫŚƐƯ
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åǕíç ƶŤƠƷ ŹŚƸģ Żř žě Ʊō İƿŚƯŻōŻŚŝ İƿŚƿŚě ŜƿźƋ ƹ åǕíë Śţ åǕíå Żř ƶƯŚƳƂſźě
įƶºƿŚě źºŝ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ŽŚºǀƤƯ Śºŝ ƶƯŚƳƂſźě Ʋƿř İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ ŜƿźƋ .ŢſřƵŶƃ ƁŹřżĭ
Źŵ (æèíè) İƳŚŞǀƃ .ŢſřƵŵƺŝ åǕêí (æîìí Ïźºţƹ ƹ Ĭƴǀƫƹ żƴƿŻźŝ) ÎİŬƴſŢǀƈŴƃ įƺĮƫř
ŜƿźºƋ ƹ Ƶŵźºĩ ƁŹřżĭ åǕíé řŹ ƶƯŚƳƂſźě Ʋƿř űŚŝƱƹźĩ įŚƠƫō ŜƿźƋ ŵƺų ƂƷƹĦě
Ð
NEO İŤǀƈºŴƃ įƶƯŚƳƂſźě Żř įŶƳĦƳƱřƹŹ ŽŚǀƤƯ Śŝ řŹ ƶƯŚƳ Ƃſźě Ʋƿř İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ
ŢººſřƵŵŹƹō Ţººſŵ ƶººŝ -åǕëê (æèíè İƳŚŞǀººƃ Żř ƶººŤƟźĭźŝ ž æîìì ÑįźººĩĨººƯ ƹ ŚŤººſƺĩ)
åǕíè űŚºŝƱƹźºĩ įŚºƠƫō ŜƿźƋ ƶƯŚƳƂſźě Ʋƿř įřźŝ żǀƳ ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř Źŵ .(P < åǕåæ)
.ŶƯō Ţſŵ ƶŝ
Ò
İƯƺưƗ ŢƯLjſ įƶƯŚƳƂſźě pè
įƶººƳƺưƳ ƂƷƹĦººě Ʋººƿř Źŵ ƹ ƶŤųŚººſ (æîìç) ÓīźŝŶººƬĭ řŹ ƶººƯŚƳƂººſźě Ʋººƿř
:ŵźºǀĭİƯ źŝ Źŵ řŹ ŽŚǀƤƯƵŵźų ŹŚƸģ ƶĩ ŢſřƵŶƯō ŹŚĩ ƶŝ (GHQ-28) Ʊō İŗƶƴƿżĭçí
žæèìê) İŤƄųźǀƯ .İƗŚưŤūř Ƃƴĩ Źŵ İƳŚƯŚſƶŝŚƳ ƹ žİĭƵŵźƀƟř žśřźƐƋř žİƳŶŝ įŚƷŵŹŵ
řŹ ƶºƯŚƳƂºſźě Ʋºƿř űŚºŝƱƹźºĩ įŚºƠƫō ŜƿźºƋ ŵƺų ƂƷƹĦě Źŵ (æèìì ƲƯƺƷ Żř ƶŤƟźĭźŝ
ƂƷƹĦºě Ʋºƿř Źŵ .ŢºſřƵŵŹƹō Ţºſŵ ƶŝ åǕíé řŹ Ʊō İƿŚƯŻōŻŚŝ İƿŚƿŚě ŜƿźƋ ƹ åǕîç
.ŶƯō Ţſŵ ƶŝ åǕíë ƶƯŚƳƂſźě Ʋƿř įřźŝ űŚŝƱƹźĩ įŚƠƫō ŜƿźƋ żǀƳ
ƂƷƹĦě ƭŚŬƳř įƵƺǀƃ
ƱŚºƳŻ Żř İŤºſźƸƟ ƹ Ŷƃ ƶƘūřźƯ ŚƷƱŚƯŻŚſ ƹ ŚƷƵŹřŵř ƶŝ ƶŤƀŴƳ ŚƷƵŵřŵ įŹƹōŵźĭ įřźŝ
İƟŵŚƈºţ ƁƹŹ ƶºŝ ŚºƷİƳŵƺƯŻō ŚƷƱō ƱŚǀƯ Żř ƹ ŶƯō ƮƷřźƟ ƵŹřŵř Śƿ ƱŚƯŻŚſ Ʊō ŶƴƯŹŚĩ
ƂƷƹĦºě ƝŶƷ ŚƷİƳŵƺƯŻō Ƃƴƿżĭ Żř žě .ŶƳŶƃƵŶƿżĭ (ƱŚƳŻ ƪĩ ŶƇŹŵæå ƶŝ ĨƿŵżƳ)
İŤºſŹŵƶºŝ ƂƷƹĦºě įŚƷƶƯŚƳƂſźě ƶŝ ƶĩ ŶƃƶŤſřƺų ŚƷƱō Żř ƹ Ŷƃ ƺĭŻŚŝ ŚƷƱō įřźŝ
ĨºƿŵżƳ İƳŵƺƯŻō źƷ .ŶƳŹřŸĮƳ ŲſŚě İŝ řŹ İƄſźě ŶƴƳřƺŤŝ ƶĩ ŚūƱō Śţ ƹ Ŷƴƿƺĭ ŲſŚě
įŹƹōŵźºĭ Żř žě .ŵřŵ ŲſŚě ŚƷƶƯŚƳƂſźě ƶŝ ŹŚĩ ƪŰƯ Źŵ ƹ İƿŚƸƴţ Źŵ ƶƤǀƣŵ èå ƶŝ
.Ŷƃ İſŹźŝ įŹŚƯō įŚƷƁƹŹ Śŝ ƵŶƯōŢſŵƶŝ įŚƷƵŵřŵ ŚƷƶƯŚƳƂſźě
1. Personality Research Form- Andro Scale (PRF-Andro Scale)
2. Berzins, Juris I., Welling, Martha A., and Wetter, Robert E.
3. NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI)
4. Costa, Jr., Paul T., and McCrae, Robert R.
5. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
6. Goldberg, David P.
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ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ İſŹźŝ
ƂƷƹĦě įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ
ŵƺºƃݺƯƵŶºƿŵ ƶĩ ƱŚƴģƮƷ .ŢſřƵŶƯō æ ƩƹŶū Źŵ Ʊƺſźƿİě İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ ƱƺƯŻō ŪƿŚŤƳ
(r = åǕèí) ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ ƹ (r = åǕèê) İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō Śºŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ İĭ ƶŤƀŝ ƮƷ
(r = -åǕçê) śřźƐºƋř Śºŝ Ʊō ݺĭƶŤƀºŝƮºƷ ݺƫƹ ž(P < åǕåæ) Ţſř ŹřŵŚƴƘƯ ƹ ƺſƮƷ
İƳŶºŝ įŚƷŵŹŵ ƹ (r = -åǕçê) İƗŚưŤūř Ƃƴĩ Źŵ İƳŚƯŚſƶŝŚƳ (r = -åǕçí) İĭƵŵźƀƟř
.(P<å/åæ) Ţſř ƺſƮƷŚƳ ƹ ŹřŵŚƴƘƯ (r = -åǕèå)
ƱŚƳŻ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ ŜƿřźƋ pæ ƩƹŶū
İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ
åǕèê **
åǕèí **
-åǕçê *
-åǕçí *
-åǕçê *
-åǕèå *
źǀƜŤƯ
İƳĥƹŹŶƳō
İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ
śřźƐƋř
İĭƵŵźƀƟř
İƗŚưŤūř Ƃƴĩ Źŵ İƳŚƯŚſƶŝŚƳ
İƳŶŝ įŚƷŵŹŵ
P < åǕåê
*
P < åǕåæ **
žƳŚºƿŹřƹ źºŝ ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įŚƷźǀƜŤƯ Żř Ĩƿ źƷ źǀŧŐţ ƲǀǀƘţ įřźŝ
ƹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƲǀŝƂǀě įŚƷźǀƜŤƯ Śŝ ƱƺǀſźĭŹ ƱƺƯŻō İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ
ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō įƵźºǀƜŤƯƹŵ ƱƺǀºſźĭŹ ŪƿŚºŤƳ .Ŷºƃ ƭŚºŬƳř İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ħLjƯ źǀƜŤƯ
F ŵƺƃİƯƵŶƿŵ ƶĩ ƱŚƴģƮƷ .ŢſřƵŶƯō ç ƩƹŶū Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ
ݺºƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjººſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶººƳō įŚººƷźǀƜŤƯ ƹ (P < åǕååæ) Ţººſř ŹřŵŚºƴƘƯ ƵŶººƯōŢººſŵƶººŝ
Żř Ĩƿ źƷ ƱƺǀſźĭŹ ŜƿźƋ .ŶƴĩİƯ İƴǀŝƂǀě řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ žƳŚƿŹřƹ ŶƇŹŵçå
žƳŚºƿŹřƹ ŶºƳřƺţݺƯ ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ƶºĩ Ŷ ƷŵİƯ ƱŚƄƳ ƲǀŝƂǀě źǀƜŤƯ ƹŵ
ƂƿřżºƟř źºĮƿŵ ƲŴºſ ƶºŝ .Ŷºƴĩ ݺƴǀŝƂǀºě ŹřŵŚºƴƘƯ İŗƶƳƺĭ ƶŝ řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ
.ŶƿřżƟřİƯ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ źŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō
İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƵźǀƜŤƯŶƴģ ƱƺǀſźĭŹ pç ƩƹŶū
ç ƭŚĭ
P
åǕåé
t
çǕåî
æ ƭŚĭ
B
P
t
B
åǕçî
åǕååì
åǕåè
èǕíå
çǕçî
åǕèì
åǕçë
P
F
åǕååì
åǕååè
ìǕíé
ëǕèì
RS
MP
åǕæèê åǕèëí
åǕçåç åǕéêé
įŚƷźǀƜŤƯ
ƲǀŝƂǀě
İƳĥƹŹŶƳō
İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ
ƱŚƳŻ šŚƘƫŚƐƯ
æèíê ŹŚƸŝ æ įƵŹŚưƃ é ƩŚſ
ëç
ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƶĩ ŶƷŵİƯ ƱŚƄƳ (è ƩƹŶū) t ƱƺƯŻō ŪƿŚŤƳ
įřŹřŵ ŵřźºƟř Źŵ ݺƫƹ žŢºſř źºţƂǀºŝ ŹřŵŚƴƘƯ İŗƶƳƺĭ ƶŝ LJŚŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įřŹřŵ ŵřźƟř Źŵ
İƳŶºŝ įŚºƷŵŹŵ ƹ İƗŚưŤūř Ƃƴĩ Źŵ İƳŚƯŚſƶŝŚƳ İĭƵŵźƀƟř śřźƐƋř ƲǀƿŚě İƳĥƹŹŶƳō
.(P = åǕåæ) ŵƺƃİƯƵŶƿŵ źţƂǀŝ įŹřŵŚƴƘƯ İŗƶƳƺĭ ƶŝ
İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ įŚƷƵźưƳ ƲǀĮƳŚǀƯ įƶƀƿŚƤƯ pè ƩƹŶū
ƲǀƿŚě ƹ LJŚŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įřŹřŵ ŵřźƟř Źŵ
P
t
įƶūŹŵ
įŵřŻō
< åǕåæ
èǕìæ
æîí
< åǕåæ
çǕéì
æîí
< åǕåê
çǕìæ
æîí
< åǕåæ
çǕíç
æîí
< åǕåæ
èǕæê
æîí
< åǕåæ
èǕëê
æîí
ƝřźŰƳř
ŹŚǀƘƯ
æîǕêê
æíǕëè
îǕèí
æåǕçí
éǕéæ
éǕêé
çǕêç
çǕæé
èǕçê
èǕèî
çǕéê
çǕíë
ƲǀĮƳŚǀƯ
æíëǕåé
æìæǕîæ
ëìǕîè
êîǕëè
æåǕíé
æéǕêæ
ææǕçå
æëǕæì
íǕçë
æèǕèì
îǕëê
æèǕîæ
Ƶƹźĭ
(İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƱřżǀƯ)
LJŚŝ
ƲǀŗŚě
LJŚŝ
ƲǀŗŚě
LJŚŝ
ƲǀŗŚě
LJŚŝ
ƲǀŗŚě
LJŚŝ
ƲǀŗŚě
LJŚŝ
ƲǀŗŚě
źǀƜŤƯ
įŹŚĭŻŚſ
İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ
śřźƐƋř
İĭƵŵźƀƟř
Źŵ İƳŚƯŚſƶŝŚƳ
İƗŚưŤūř Ƃƴĩ
İƳŚưƀū įŚƷŵŹŵ
įźǀĭƶŬǀŤƳ ƹ Ŧ Ű ŝ
ƹ ƺ ƮºƷ
º ſ İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚºſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ݺĭƶŤƀºŝƮºƷ ƶĩ ŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ƂƷƹĦě ŪƿŚŤƳ
ƂƿřżºƟř żºǀƳ İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚºſ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ƂƿřżºƟř Śºŝ źĮƿŵ ƲŴſ ƶŝ .Ţſř ŹřŵŚƴƘƯ
ƹ įŶºƯ ŚºſŚŝƺĩ žæîìê Ʈºŝ žæîìæ Ʃřƹźºĭō) źĮƿŵ İƄƷƹĦě įŚƷ ƶŤƟŚƿ Śŝ ƶŤƟŚƿ Ʋƿř .ŶŝŚƿİƯ
ƭŚºĤƴǀƟ ƹ ƪºŞưĩ įźºŝŵăźŝ žæîîé żºƫƹ ƹ ƪºſřŹ žæîîæ źƳšŹŚĭƲąƿƹ ƹ Ʊƺſƪƿƹ īźŝ žæîíç ƱŚĩ
ƹ ƱřƹřźºƟ ƁLjţ ŵƺų įŚƷİƿŚƳřƺţ ƶŝ ƱŚƴǀưƏř ƶĩ ŢƠĭ ƱřƺţİƯ .ŵŹřŵ İƳřƺųƮƷ (æîîê
ƱŚºƳŻ řźºƿŻ žŢºſř ƱŚƳŻ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ İŤŴŝƁƺų įƵŶƳŹƹōŶƿŶě įźƿŸěŢǀƫƺŘƀƯ
źƷƺºƃ įźƿŸºěŢǀƫƺŘƀºƯ ƹ ƁLjºţ Ƃºƃƺĩ ƶŝ ƶŤƀŝřƹ řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ ŢƿŚƋŹ
ƶºŝ ƶĩ ŵŹřŵ İŤŞŨƯ įŚƷƶƿƺſ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƶĩ ŶƷŵİƯ ƱŚƄƳ ƶŤƟŚƿ Ʋƿř ƲǀƴģƮƷ .ŶƴƳřŵİƯ
ŚºƷƱĥƹŹŶºƳō .ŶºƯŚŬƳřݺƯ źºĮƿŵĨºƿ Śºŝ ݺĭƵŶºƳŻ Źŵ įźƿŸºěƂƯźºƳ ƹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ ŢƿŚƋŹ
.ŶƳř źţŵƺƴƃƺų įŵźƟƲǀŝ įŚƷŶƳƺǀě Źŵ ƹ źţŹŚĭŻŚſ źţİƴŤƃřŵŢſƹŵ
ëè
Þ
͂
ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ İſŹźŝ
įŹŚĭŻŚºſ Śºŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ ƶĩ ŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ƲǀƴģƮƷ ƂƷƹĦě įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ
żºǀƳ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƂƿřżƟř Śŝ źĮƿŵ ƲŴſ ƶŝ .Ţſř ŢŞŨƯ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
žæîîë ŢºƫݺƯ ƹ żŤƿƹƺºĪƫŻ) źºĮƿŵ İƄºƷƹĦě įŚºƷ ƶºŤƟŚƿ Śŝ żǀƳ ƶŤƟŚƿ Ʋƿř .ŶŝŚƿİƯ ƂƿřżƟř
Żř ݺŗƶŤºſŵ įƵŶºƳźǀĭźŝŹŵ ƱŚºƳŻ ÊݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ .ŵŹřŵ İƳřƺºųƮƷ (æîîè ƱŚƿŹ ƹ ŹŚĩƺƴƿƹ
Ţſř ŚƷƲƿř ŶƴƳŚƯ ƹ İĭƵŶƳŻ źŝ ƩźŤƴĩ ƹ İĭƵźǀģ įŶƯōŹŚĩŵƺų žƠƳ šżƗ įŚƷƵŻŚſ
.ŵŹřŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ ŶƳƺǀě Źŵ ŢŞŨƯ įźŧř ƭŚŬƳřźſ ƶĩ
śřźƐºƋř İºĭƵŵźƀºƟř LJŚºŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įřŹřŵ ƱŚƳŻ ƶĩ ŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ƲǀƴģƮƷ ŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ
Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ ŶƳŹřŵ įźţƮĩ İƳŶŝ įŚƷŵŹŵ ƹ İƗŚưŤūř ŵźĩŹŚĩ Źŵ İƳŚƯŚſƶŝŚƳ
žæîîê ƱřŹŚºĩƮƷ ƹ ħŚƷ) źĮƿŵ įŚƷƂƷƹĦě įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ Śŝ żǀƳ ƶŤƟŚƿ Ʋƿř .Ţſř źţƂǀŝ ƱŚƳō
.ŵŹřŵ İƳřƺųƮƷ (æîîë ŢƫİƯ ƹ żŤƿƹƺĪƫŻ žæîîæ źƳšŹŚĭƲąƿƹ ƹ Ʊƺſƪƿƹ īźŝ
ƱŚºƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƶĩ ŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř įŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ
ƲŴºſ ƶºŝ .ŵŹřŵ ŹřŵŚºƴƘƯ šƹŚºƠţ Ʋƿř ƹ šƹŚƠŤƯ ƲǀƿŚě İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƹ LJŚŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įřŹřŵ
ݺŗƶºƳƺĭ ƶºŝ LJŚºŝ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō įřŹřŵ ƱŚºƳŻ Źŵ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ ƹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ źĮƿŵ
İƄºƷƹĦě įŚºƷƶºŤƟŚƿ Śºŝ ƶŤƟŚƿ Ʋƿř .Ţſř źţƂǀŝ ƲǀƿŚě İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įřŹřŵ ƱŚƳŻ Żř ŹřŵŚƴƘƯ
ŶºƳřƵŵřŵ ƱŚƄºƳ ŚƸƄºƷƹĦě Ʋƿř .ŵŹřŵ İƳřƺųƮƷ (æîìæ Ʃřƹźºĭō žæîíæb Ʈŝ žæîìê Ʈŝ) źĮƿŵ
ŶºƳř źţźƿŸºěƂƯźƳ ŶƳŹřŵ įźŤƸŝ İŤǀƈŴƃ įŚƷİĭƵĦƿƹ ƹ İƳřƹŹ ŢƃřŶƸŝ ŚƷƱĥƹŹŶƳō ƶĩ
ŹŚºĩ ƶºŝ ƶºƳŚƳŻ ݺŗƵƺǀºƃ ƶºƳŚƳŻ įŚºƷŹŚĩ Źŵ ƹ ƶºƳřŵźƯ ݺƃƹŹ ƶºƳřŵźƯ įŚƷƂƴĩ Źŵ ƹ
Źŵ ƱŚºƃŢĩŹŚƄƯ ƹ İƗŚưŤūř įŚƷƵźŤƀĭ Źŵ ŚƷƱō Źƺƌů ƹ ƱŚƳŻ Ʊŵƺŝ ƪƛŚƃ .ŶƳźǀĭİƯ
įŹŚĭŻŚºſ ƹ ݺƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjºſ įƵŶºƴƴĩƶºǀūƺţ ŶºƳřƺŤŝ ŶƿŚºƃ İºĭƵŶºƳŻ įŚƷŻŚǀƳ ƱŵŹƹōźŝ
.ŶƃŚŝ LJŚŝ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įřŹřŵ ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ źţƂǀŝ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
įŹŚĭŻŚſ Śŝ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō İĭƶŤƀŝƮƷ ƶĩ ŵřŵ ƱŚƄƳ ƲǀƴģƮƷ ŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ
žƳŚºƿŹřƹ Żř ŶƇŹŵçå ƶŝ ĨƿŵżƳ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō ƹ Ţſř ƵźǀƜŤƯŶƴģ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ
ŢƯLjºſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶºƳō ƂƿřżºƟř źºĮƿŵ ƲŴſ ƶŝ .ŶƴĩİƯ İƴǀŝƂǀě řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ
.ŶƷŵİƯ ƂƿřżƟř řŹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ įŹŚĭŻŚſ İƳřƹŹ
ƁźŤƀĭ Źŵ ŶƿŚŝ ŢſřƵŶƃ İſŹźŝ ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř Źŵ ƪƛŚƃ ƱŚƳŻ ŚƸƴţ ƶĩ ŚūƱō Żř
.ŵźĩ ƍŚǀŤůř ŚƷƶŤƟŚƿ
ƂººƤƳ ƶººŝ ƁźººĮƳ ƹ ƪƛŚººƃźǀƛ ƹ ƪƛŚººƃ ƱŚººƳŻ Źŵ ƂƷƹĦººě įŚººƷźǀƜŤƯ ݺºſŹźŝ
Źŵ Ʊō ŵźŝŹŚºĩ ƲǀƴģƮƷ ƹ İƿƺƃŚƳŻ Żř Ƃǀě įŚƷƵŹƹŚƄƯ Źŵ İƳřƹŹ ŢƯLjſ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō
.Ţſř ƂƷƹĦě Ʋƿř įŚƷŵŚƸƴƄǀě Żř ƱŚƯŹŵ ƹ ƵŹƹŚƄƯ żĩřźƯ
æèíê ŹŚƸŝ æ įƵŹŚưƃ é ƩŚſ
ƱŚƳŻ šŚƘƫŚƐƯ
ëé
ƖŝŚƴƯ
įŶºŝŚƗŹƺě Ʋƀºů Ʊřŵźĭźŝ .İƳŚƯŹŵİƿƺƃŚƳŻ .æèíå .ƲąǀţžƳŹƺŝ .š İ ſƯ ƹŹ Ś.ġř ĚǀƬǀƟ ƲąǀţžƳŹƺŝ -æ
.ŶƃŹ šřŹŚƄŤƳř :ƱřźƸţ .İŘƄƴƯ ŚƋźƯLjƛ ƹ
ƱřźƀºưƷ İƿƺºƃŚƳŻ ŢƿŚºƋŹ ƹ ƩźºŤƴĩ ƱƺƳŚĩ Ʋǀŝ į ƶƐŝřŹ» .æèíç .ƱřźĮƿŵ ƹ ƶŝƺŞŰƯ İƷŚƃ Ʋƀů -ç
.ëæ-êæ :(ç-æ)ì İŤųŚƴƃƱřƹŹ įŚƷƂƷƹĦě «.ƁŹƹźě ƹ ƁŻƺƯō Źŵ ƪƛŚƃ
ƹ ŹƹŹŚºŝ ƱŚƳŻ Źŵ İĭŶƳŻ ŢǀƠǀĩ Śŝ įŶƳĦƳƱřƹŹ ƹ İƳĥƹŹŶƳō įƶƐŝřŹ İſŹźŝ .æèíè .Ʋǀƀů İƳŚŞǀƃ -è
.İƬǀŝŵŹř ƢƤŰƯ ƵŚĮƄƳřŵ İſŚƴƄƳřƹŹ Ƶƹźĭ :ƪǀŝŵŹř .[ŶƃŹř İſŚƴƃŹŚĩ įƶƯŚƳƱŚƿŚě] .ŹƹŹŚŝŚƳ
įŚºƷƵŹƹŵ ƱŚƿƺŬƄºƳřŵ įƹŹ źŝ İƯƺưƗ ŢƯLjſ įƶƯŚƳƂſźě įŻŚſŵŹřŶƳŚŤſř .æèìì .ŽŚŞƗ ƲƯƺƷ -é
İĮƴƷźƟ ƹ İƿƺŬƄƳřŵ ŢƳƹŚƘƯ İƿƺŬƄƳřŵ įƵŹƹŚƄƯ żĩźƯ :ƱřźƸţ .[İƄƷƹĦě ƁŹřżĭ] .İſŚƴƃŹŚĩ
.ƱřźƸţ ƵŚĮƄƳřŵ
5- Agarwal, A. K. 1971. “Patterns of marital disharmonies.” Indian Journal of Psychiatry
13(1):185-193.
6- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. 1975. “Sex-role adaptability: One consequence of psychological
androgyny.” Journal of Personality and. Social Psychology 31(4): 634-643.
7- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. 1981a. Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Professional Manual. Palo Alto,
CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
8- Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. 1981b. “Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing.”
Psychological Review 88(4): 354- 364.
9- Berg, Barbara J., John F. Wilson, and Paul J. Weingartner. 1991. “Psychological
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