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&K>/ϭϮϳ ŶŶĂůĞƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĂƟƐWĂĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂĞƌĂĐŽǀŝĞŶƐŝƐ ^ƚƵĚŝĂ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂy//;ϮϬϭϮͿ Mariusz W. Majewski Instytut Historii UP w Krakowie ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ džƉŽƌƚŽĨĂŝƌĐƌĂĨƚĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚƚŽZŽŵĂŶŝĂ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ Abstract ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ȋ Ïǡ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Keywords: ͳͻͳͻȂͳͻ͵ͻǡ ǡǡ × Ï ͳͻʹͳȂͳͻʹ Ïǡ Ă ¸ä© ǡ ǤǡÏ© ÑǤĂĂ©ǡĂ×ÏǤÑ ÏÑ ǡÏ ¸¸ǡÏ Ǥ× ǡ×ǡ Ïä©Ǥ¦ÏĂä ǡ× ¦Ï¸Ïä©Ǥ Ă Ï Ñ ǡ ¦ ä ǡ ×ä ©ͳǤ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ ǡ ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͷͷͻǤ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͲͳͻʹǤ ͳ ϭϰϲ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ ¸¦ Ï ¦ ×ǡ ĂäÏĂ ͳͻʹͶȂͳͻʹ Ïצ Ǥ ÏǤ ͳ ͳͻʹǤ Ï¸Ï ǡ Ă Ă Ǥ Ï Ăǡ Ă ¸ Ï Ǥ¸ǡ ϸ ¸ǡ¦Ï¦ÏǦ× Ǥ ¦ ͳͻʹǤÏϸ ÏǤ Ǥ Ǥ ʹͺͳͻʹǤǡ×ǡ¸ǡ¦¸ǡÏ ¸Ïǡǡ ǡ ǡ Ă ǡ ×Ñǡ ʹǤ Ï Ï Ǥ ¦ ¸ ͷ ͳͻʹ Ǥ × ǡ Ă Ï ¸ Ï ¸¦ ǣ Ă × Ï Ǥ × ȋ Ï Ȍ×ǡä ǡ ǡÏ×͵Ǥ Ï×Ïǡ ¦ ǡ ǣ Ǥ ǡ Ï ǡ × ǡ ÏÏ ǡǤ Ǥ ǤÏ× ÏǤ Ǥ ¦Ïä ͳͻʹȂͳͻʹ¦ × Ā×ÏǤ ¸×ǡĂǡĂä Ǥ ǡ ǡÏǡ×× ¦ ǡ¸©¸ͶǤ Ā×Ïǡ × Ă ¦© ׸ ×Ïǡͳͻ͵Ǥǡ¸ ǤÏ Ï×ǡ×Ï Ï©¸Ă Ï ǡ Ă ä ÏĂ Ï © Ïǡ ÏǡĂÏä© ÏÑǤcǡ×Ï ǡÏä© ǡĂĂÏ ×¸¦ ×ÏÏ ä ʹͲͲÏ ¸ Ï Ïϸä ͲÏǤ ǡǤ ǡͳ͵ȀͺͻȀͳͶͺͳǤÏÏʹͷͳͻʹǤ ʹ ǡǤ ǡ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͷͷͺǤ×ÏȂÏ Ǥǡͳͻ͵ͻͷͳͻʹǤ ͵ ǤĂǡWydatki wojskowe Polski 1918–1939ǡͳͻǡǤͳʹͳȂͳʹ͵Ǣ Ǥǡ¸ǡÑ ǡ ÏǡǤ¸Ǥ͵ȀͻǡǤ͵ͲȂ͵ͲͺǤ Ͷ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ [147] ͳͻ Ï×ĂͳÏÏǤ¸ÏĂ ×Ï ǣ¦× ȋͺͲͲͲÏȌǡ ȋͷͻ͵ͶÏȌǡȋ͵ͷͲͲÏȌǡȋʹͷʹͲÏȌǡȋʹͶÏȌǡ ȋͳͷͺͲ ÏȌǡ¦×ȋͳ͵ͻͻÏȌͷǤ ¸ä ǡä ×Ïǡ ¸ä Ï ×Ï ¸× ¸¦ͳͻʹǤĂ Ï× ǤǤÏÏĂ ȂʹͲ͵ͲǤÏǡ¸ͳͻ͵ͳǤ Ï Ï ͵ͲͲ Ǥ ÏǤ ͳͻʹȂͳͻʹͻ ÏϸʹǤÏÏÏÏ ×Ǥ ×ÏÏ¸Ï ¦Ǥ× ×Ï× ǡÏǤ Ï ǡǡ ǤϦǣȂÏĂǤǡ¸ ¦ȂÏ× ÏÑ × Ȃ Ï Ǥ Ï Ï ¦ ǣ Ï Ï ǡ ÏǤ ÏÏ Ïǡ Ï× ǦȂǤǤ ¸×ÏǣǡǤ¸Ǥ¦ ÏǡĂĂ©ǡø ¦ Ï ǡ × × Ï × Ï Ï¸©Ï ×ÏǤ ¸ Ï×ÏÑ×ȋ͵ͲȌ Ï× × ȋʹͲȌǤÏ×ä ͳͲ×ÏǣÑ× Ïצ ǡ ×Ï ×Ï× ǡ Ǥ Ï Ï ×ǣ ǡ ×ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ×ǡ ǡ ǡǡǤ× Ï¦×¸×ǡ¦×¸× ÑÏ Ǥ Ï Ă©ǡ Ă Ï ¦ Ï Ï Ï Ï × ȋȌǤ ÏͳͻʹǤ ĂǤ Ȃ Ï× ä ȋȌ Ȃ¦ Ǥ ä× Ă©ǣ Ïä ǡ ǡÏ ä ǡ Ï ¦ǡ × ȋȌǡǤ ǡǤͳȀʹʹǤͳͻ͵Ǥ ͷ ǡǤ ǡ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͷͷͺǤÏä ͳͻʹͻǤ Ăǡ Ϧ ʹǤ Ï × ×Ï ǤǤ Ǥ Ï Ǥ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ [148] ǡǡ×ǡ Ă× ¦Ǥ Ă©ǡ Ϧ¸ ¸Ï ¦ǡĂä©ǡĂÏ × Ï¸ Ǥ ͳͻ͵Ͷ Ǥ Ï ¸ ǡ ä × ¸ Ï Ï¦ ͺǤ ͳʹĀͳͻ͵ͶǤ Ïǡæ ǡ ǣ ǡ ×ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ï ä ǡ Ï ǡ ǡǤÑǡä ǡǡ ǡ ǤǡǤǡ ǤĂĂ©ǡĂͳͻ͵ͶǤ Ï Ă Ñ Ï ǡ × ×ǡ Ï ǡ Ñ Ï Ă × × ĂǤǤc¦ ǡϦ ͳͺ×Ï Ï× Ï ͻǤ Ïä©ǡ¦ ×ÏǡÏ× ¦ Ȃ ǡ ǡ ǡ × Ï ×¦ ¸ǤÏä©Ï ¦× × ¸¦ Ǥ Ï Ï ǡ Ǥ ĂÏ ¦× ¸ǡϸǡ×Ï Ă Ǥ ä ¸ ǡ ͷȂͳʹΨ × ×ǡ Ă ¸ ĂǤ Ï × Ï ¸ä© ÑǤ × Ï ä Ă Ï × Ñǡ Ï Ǥ × Ï Ñ ÏÑ Ǣ ǣ Ï ¸ ÏÏ ǦǡÏȂÏ ¸ĂǤ× ǡ ĂǤ ǡ ¸ ǡ Ȃ Ǥ ǡ Ï Ȃ Ǥ ¸Ǥ× ××ÏÏ Ï ×ǡÏ Ñ ǡĂ ÏȂĂǤǤ ǡ× ǡ ÏͳͲǤ ǡǤ ǡǤ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͺͷͷǤ¸ Ï × ͳͻʹȂͳͻ͵Ǥ ͺ ǡǤ ǡǤ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͷͷͺǤÏä ͳͻ͵ͶǤ ͻ Ǥ ǡ Ïǡ¦×Ï ǷdzͷͿ;ǤǡǷ¦ dzͳͻ͵ǡͳǡǤʹͺͻȂ͵ͳͲǢǤǤ ÑǡǤǡ¸Ǥ ¸¸ǡʹͲͲͶǡǤͲȂʹǢͳͲ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ ϭϰϵ ׸ Ă © ¦ Ă ǡ × ä Ï×ǣ ÏÏ Ï ¸Ǧ Ǧ×ǡצ Ǥ × ȋͶͶǡ Ǥ ÏȌǡ Ǧͺ ȋͲ Ǥ ÏȌ Ăȋ ×Ȍ ÏĂÏ ¦Ǥ ¦Ï ¸© × ǡ×Ā × Ǧ Ǥ ¦×¸ Ǥ ǤǤ ÏÑ ×¸Ǥ ×× Ï ä©Ïǡøä©Ï ×ÏĂ ÏĂ ǡ¸¸ Ï Ǥ¦ ¦Ïϸ × ǤϸǦ×Ǥ¦ ¸ ¦ ǡ ÏĂ×ÑÏ × ǡ Ă × ǣ Ï ä ××Ǥ × ÑÏ ǤǤ ÏÏ × Ï Ï Ï ĂÏǡĂĂ© ÑǤ¦ ¸ä Ï©¦×¦ÑǤ Ǥ Ï ǡ × Ï ¸ Ă × ¦ ¦ ϸǤ ¸ Ǥ Ï ¸©¸ ¦ Ï ×ǡ Ñ Ï¸Ǥ¦Ï ¸Ǥ¦ĂÏÏ ×ǡ× Ïǡ Ă ¦ Ǥǡ¦ ¸ǡ © ǡצ ¸ǡÏ Ă ǡ ¸͵ͺΨǤÑ Ï× × ©Ǥ Ǥ ͳͻʹǤ Ï Ă Ƿ ¦ dzǤ ¦Ñ Ï ͳͳǤ ǡ צ ǡ Ï Ă Ă ǦÑ ǡ ×Ă ¦ ǦÑ ¸ Ǥ Ï ʹͳ Ā ͳͻʹͷ Ǥ ÏĂ ȋȌǡǤǤͳͳ͵ȀȀʹͳǤǤ¸Ȃ ͵ͲͳͻͶͲǤ ǡ ±ǡǤ͵ͳǤǤͳͻͳǡͷͺǤ ±ǤǤǤ Ǥ ͳͷͳͳͻʹǤ ͳͳ ϭϱϬ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ × ǡÏ × ×ǤÏ ¸Ï ¦ͳʹͲǡÏ Ï¸¦ ǣ¦ÑͳͷΨȋǤͳͺȌǡ ͵Ψ ȋͶͲȌÏͶΨȋǡͷȌǤϦ ¸ä©ÏÏ Ïͳͳ×ȋͳͷȌǤ Ï×Ï ÏǦ ǦǡʹͷͳͷǤĂ ͳͲͳͻʹͷǤ¦¸Ï¦ ¸ͳͲͲ×ͳǦ ͶͲͲǤ ××ĂͷͲ×Ǥä© ÏÏʹͶǡͻͷǤÏ©Ñ ͳʹ¸ Ǥ ¸ × ×ÏÏÑ ¸ä ͳͲǤǤÏÑ¦Ï¸× ͷ ͳͲͲ Ï × ǣ Ï ×ǡ × ×Ǥ ¸ ¸ Ï ¦Ï ¸ ÏĂ × ͷͲΨ ¸ ×Ǥä ÏĂ ¦ ¸ĂǤ ×ǡÏ ÑǦ ¸ Ï ¦ÑǤĂÏ Ă×ÏǦ ǡĂϸʹͷÏ ǡ¸ ¸ä ׸ ͶͲͲǡ× ĂÏ© ¸ ͳͻʹǤ ¸Ñ ͳͻʹͷǤÏ ×Ǥ¦Ï ǣ Ǧ ǦǤ × ͳͻʹ Ǥ ÏÏ ¸ ¦Ñ ¸ ׸ ȋÏ ʹͲͲ ä Ï ǡ Ï× ǡ × ȌͳʹǤ ǦÑ Ï Ï ǡ × ĂÏ × Ï Ï ä Ǥ Ă Ï© ǡ Ă ©ǡ ĂÏ ä ¸ Ï Ñ Ǥ × ǡ ×Ā Ñ Ǧ Ǧ Ă ǡ × Ï ¸ Ǧ Ǧ Ï× Ï Ï Ā¸Ǥ ¸ Ï× Ï Ǥ ͳͻ͵ͷ Ǥ Ï ¸ Ï ¸ Ñ ǡ¦ Ï Ï Ă Ă Ǥ×Ñ ǤĂÏ ¸ ׸ ȋÏ ××Ȍ ȋ ¸Ă×ǡ × ǡ Ă ȌǤ ¸ Ï ¸ ͳͷͲͲ ͵ͺͲͲ ×Ǥ × Ï Ï ä ǡ × Ñ ¸ Ï ¦ Ă× Ñ Ǥ ͳʹ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ [151] × ǡ Ă ¸ Ȃ ¦ͳͻʹǤ ä × ¦ ¸× ǡÏ × × Ƿdz ¦ Ǥ Ă×ǣǤ ±Ǥ Ï ¦ ǤǢÏǣ Ï ×ä Ǧ ǦʹǡĂÏ ×ǦÑ ĂÑ × Ǥ ¦ ǡ Ă Ñ × ¦ Ǥ Ȃ ÏǤ Ï Ǥ ä Ñ × © Ï× ǡ ÏĂ Ȃ ±ǡ ×Ï ÏǤ¸¸ Ă×ǡ © ¦¦¦ ǦѸ ȋÏ ¦ Ă Ȍ Ï © Ǥ ± Ï Ï ¸ ¦ ¦ ¸ȋǤ ¦ǣȂȂ ȌǤä ¦ Ñ× ǤÏ ¸ × ×Ǧ ××ͳ͵Ǥ ×ͳͻʹǤ× ǡ Ȃ Ȃ × Ȃ Ï× Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ × Ȃ Ȃ Ǥ ¦¦ ¸ ϸǤ Ñ ×͵Ă ǦʹͲ Ǥ ¸ĂͶÏ ×ǡ× ä©ÏÏͳÏǤǤÏ ×ä × Ï eǤ Ă ¦ ǡ × ¦ Ï × © Ă ǡÏĂ×ͳͶǤÏ Ñ Ï¸ ¸¸¦¸ ǡ ±ǡǤ͵ͳǤ ±ǤǤǤǤ ǤͳͳͻʹǤ ͳ͵ ǡǡͳͲǡǤȂͳͲǡͳͷͳͻʹͻ Ă ¦ Ñ Ï ×Ǥ Ǥ Ă Ƿ¦ dz ͳͻʹͻǡ ͳͲǡ ǤͺͶǤ ͳͶ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ [152] Ȃ ׸ × ĂǤ ÏÏ c¦ ÑͳͻʹͻǤÏ ×ͳͷǤ ¦ ĂÑ ¸ ǡĂĂ©ǡĂ×Ñ Ǥ Ï ×ǡ × Ï © × Ǥ Ï ÏÏ ×Ă Ï¸×Ǥ Ï×ͳͻʹͻǤ ©ǡ ǡ Ă© ǡĂ Ï ¦Ïä© Ǥä©×× Ï ä Ǥ ©¸××Ͷǡͷǡʹʹǡ × ǡͳǤ ¦ × ǣÏ× Ǧ ä ǡ××ǡä Ǧ × ǡǤÏÏ ÑǤ Ȃ× ǦǡÏȂǦǦǡ ȂǦǡȂǦǡȂǦǦͺǡ ȂǦǡ ǡOǡÏȂǦͳʹǤĂǡĂĂ × ×ǡ××ǡ ¸ÏǡÏ Ñ ǡ Ï ×Ǥä× Ă ©ǡĂ¸Ï Ǧǡ Ï ä© Ï Ǥ ¸ä Ï × Ñ ¸ ʹʹͲ Ǧ ͶͷͲ ǡ × Ïǡ ǡ Ï e× ǡ Ǥ ǡĂ¸Ï ǡ Ǥ¸ä ×ǦͳͺͷȀ ¸ Ï Ï ×Ǥ ¦ ¦ǡ × ǡ Ï ǡ ¸ ×Ǥǡ¦ ¸ 䩦 ¦¦ǡÏ© Ñ Ǥ Ï ¸ × ¸ ¦× Ǥ ÑÏ Ǥ ¦ Ï Ȃæ ϸ ¦ ¦ × Ȃ ¦ ¦ ØǦ ǦØǤ ͳͻ͵Ͳ Ǥ ¸ Ïǡ Ă ¸ ׸¦ Ǥ ÑǡǤǡ¸Ǥ¸¸ǡʹͲͲͶǡǤʹ͵Ǥ ͳͷ ͳ ǡǤ ǡ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͷͷͺǤ ͳͻʹͻǤ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ [153] ×ͳǤ × ØǦØǡ Ï ¸ ǡĂ × ÏÏ ¸ Ï ×ǡ × ¸Ï×Ï Ǥϸ×ǡÏ ÏϦ¸¸¦Ȃ¸ǡ ϦȂ Ï× ¸ĂǡÏǡÏ×Ăä Ï¸Ă Ǥ ǡ Ï Ï ¸ ×ÏÑ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ï Ïä ǡ © ×Ǥ×Ï ×ǦͳǡǦǡ Ïͳͻʹͻͳͻ͵ͲǤϸĂÏä ×Ǥ ¦¸ǡ ×Ā Ï© ¸¦Ñ ͳͻ͵ʹǤä ¦ Ǥ× ǡ ¦ Ȃ ØǦØ Ȃ ¸ ×Ǥ ×Ă Ñǡ Ï ǡ × Ă Ï Ă Ǥ ×Ă ä©ǡ Ă ¸Ï©¸¦ ǡÏ ×¸ ǤÏÏä ¦ ǡ× ȋͳͻʹͶȂͳͻʹͻȌ Ï ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ÏϸÏĂǡ ¦ ¸ ¦Ñ Ï ÑǤ ǡ × ¸ Ï ¦ ǡÏ Ǥä ±× ¸ ©¦Ă Ï ¦ÑǤ¦¸ Ï Ñ ×ǡ× ¦Ï× Ï Ǥ Ï ¸ Ï ¦ Ñ Ï ×Ǥ×Ă ×Ȃ ØǦØ ͻÏ× ¦ÑȂ ÏÏä©×ͻĂͶͲͲǤǤ× ͷͲ Ï ×ǡ × Ă © ¸ ä ǡǡͳ͵Ǥ ǤǤǤʹͶ ͳͻ͵ͶǢǡǤǡ͵ͲͲǤͷǤ͵ͺǤǦǤǤǤǡʹʹͳͻ͵Ǥ ͳ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ [154] Φǡ ¸ä ¸ Ϧ¸͵ͲͳͺǤ ǡ ǡ × Ï ¦ × Ă ¸ ǡ Ï ä× ¸ ǤĂä × ØǦØϸ ä ×Ă× Ǥ ǡ ¦ ͳͻ͵ʹǤ ¦ ĂÏ Ǥ × Ï ¦Ï ¸ȋͳͳͻ͵ͳǤȌǡ¦ ×Ā¦ÑÏ Ă ¸ǡϸ© ¸ä ä×Ï ×ͳͻǤ Ā×Ï ×Ñ Ï¦ Ǥ ¦ Ï ǡ ¦ ¸ ¦ͳͲ ×Ϧ Ă ǡ× ØǦØÏ ¦Ǥ ¸Ï ǡĂʹͲǤ Ă Ï Ñ ¦ Ñ Ñ Ï× ǣ Ï Ñ ǡ ± ÏǤ Ǥ Ïǡ ¦ Ǥ × ¦ ÏǤÏÏÏä Ǥ ¦ ¸Ăä ÏǣĂǡ Ï ǡ¦ǡ¦¦ ǡ ×ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ă ǣǡ ȋÏ ǡǤ ǡǤ͵Ͳ͵ǤͶǤͳͷǤÏǤǤǤ Ï ÏÏǤǤ Ñͳͷͳͻ͵ʹǤ ͳͺ Ï ¸ ǡ ×ǡ ×ǡ× Ǥ ͳͻ ±ÏǤǤ Ï ͳͳͻ͵ʹ Ï ÏäÑ×Ïǡ × Ï Ǥ ǡ׸ Ï ǡÏ Ǥ ǡ×Ï ǡÏ©¸Ǥ× ¦ ×ǡÏ ĂÏÏ ǡ ǡ Ï Ǥ äĂÏ Ă ǡÏĂÏ×ǤĂ ¦ ¸ǡ ±ÏǤ ÏÏǡ Ă ÏÏ ¸ Ǥ ¸ ÏÏ×Ï ¦ǡÏ ¸ Ǥ ¸ ǡǤ ǡͳȀͳ͵͵ǤÏǤǤ Ñ ± ÏǤǤ Ïͻͳͻ͵ʹǤǢĂǤÏǤǤ Ï Ï×ͳͺͳͻ͵ʹǤ ʹͲ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ [155] ǤǤ ± ÏǤMȌ × ØǦØȂĂǣ ×ʹͳǤ ĂÑ Ï Ă × × ¦ ÏǤ Ï Ǥ ĂÑ Ï× ĂÑ ÏǤÏÏǤ Ñ Ï ʹͶ ͳͻ͵͵ Ǥ Ǥ × ǡä©Ï × Ǥ Ïʹ ͳͻ͵͵ǤǤÏÏȂ¸ Ȃ ÏǤ Ï× ͳͷ ͳͻ͵͵ǤÏ × Ǥ ÏǤ ÑĂǤ ʹʹǤ Ïǡ Ă Ñ Ï ¦ ͷͲ Ï × ä Ǧͳͳ ͺ Ͳͳͷ Ï ȋ × ¸ ǡ × Ï Ï¦ Ñ Ȍ ¸ ä ×ǡ Ǥ Ï ä© × Ï ä© Ͷǡ͵ͷ ÏǤ Ăä Ï ÏĂ Ñ Ͷ Ǥ ǡ ä ͳ Ͳͺ ͺͲ Ïǡ Ï © Ï ͳͷͳͻ͵͵Ǥä Ï ǡ ¦× ǣͳͻ͵Ͷǡͳͻ͵ͷͳͻ͵Ǥ Ñ Ï ä¸ Ăä ʹͳͷ͵ÏǤ צϸ×Ïä ǡ ¦ Ϧ¸Ï ×Ñ ͳͻ͵ͶǤ ä × ØǦØͻǡ×Ï ×ǡ Ï Ă Ï ×ĀÑ ǤǦͳͳÏ ǤǤ ǤÏĂ× Ñ Ă Ǥ Ǥ Ï ¸ ¦×¸ Ǥ ä×ÏÏ Ă× ǤÏÏ Ă Ï × ǡ ǡ ¦ ǤäǤÏ ʹͳ ĂǤ ±ÏǤǤ Ï Ï×ͳͳͻ͵͵Ǥ ǡǡ͵͵Ǥ͵ǤͳǤ×Ïʹ ͳͻ͵͵Ǥͷ͵ǡǤĂ ×ÏʹͲͳͻ͵͵ǢǡǤ ǡͳȀͳ͵͵ǡǤʹͲȂʹͳͶǤ ¸ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ÏǤ Ǥ Ñ ĂǤ Ǥ Ǣ ǡǤ ǡͳȀͳǤÏǤǤ ÑǤ ͳʹͳͻ͵ͶǤǢ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ͳȀʹʹ͵Ǥ ± ÏǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ʹ͵ͳͻ͵Ǥ ʹʹ ϭϱϲ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ ±ÏǤǡĂ× × Ï × ¦ © ¸ ǡ Ă × Ï Ǥ ǤÏ ±ǡϸǡ × Ñ ¸ × Ï ¸ Ǥ Ï©Ǥ ¸ ±ÏǤ Ă ǡĂ× ÏǤǡĂÏǡä© ĂÏ©ǡĂ ¸¦ ¦©Ǥ¸ ͳͻ͵ͶǤ Ï × Ǥ Ǥ ǡ¦ ȋĂǫȌÏä Ï Ǥ×ĂǡĂ Ïä Ǥ×Ï ǡ ä Ǥ ǤǤ Ïä©ǡ ¦ Ï ×Ǧͳͳȋ ÏÏ ȌǤ¦ ¦ ÏǡĂ Ñ Ă¸ä©ÏĂǣǡǡ ǡ¸¦ Ǥǡ ¸ äǤ Ñ Ā Ï Ă ¸ ʹ͵Ǥä Ï ĂǤÏÏ © ǡ ǡ ×Ă ä Ǧͳͳ ä ¦ Ï×Ǥ Ă¸Ñ¦¸ÏǡĂ Ï© ¦Ñ Ǥ Ï×Ï×ĀÏ Ǣͳʹ ͳͻ͵ͶǤÏä ϸ ¸× ÏǤ Ñͷ͵ͶǤÏǤÏÏͳͻ͵ͷǤȂ ͺͲͲǤÏǡͳͻ͵ǤȂ͵ͳǤÏǤ¦¦Ï ¦ ä ǡ Ǥ ĂǤ ȋ¸ Ǥ Ȍ ¦ ͳͻ͵ǡ¸Ǥ Ǥ ͳͻ͵ǤÏÏ ǤĂä Ï ä ͳͷǤϸ ʹͶǤ Ï Ǧͳͳ¦Ñ×Ï ©Ï× Ï Ǥ ä× ¸ Ï ¸ǣ ä ǡǤ ǡͳȀʹʹ͵Ǥ ± ÏǤǤ ǤǤ ʹ͵ͳͻ͵Ǥ ʹ͵ ǡǤ ǡͳȀʹʹ͵Ǥ ± ÏǤǤ Ï ͵ͳͻ͵Ǥ ʹͶ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ [157] ǡ Ï × ȋÏĂǤ Ȍ × Ï × Ǥ Ï ÏǡĂ × Ǧ͵Ǥ×Ï Ǥ×Ï ¸ǡĂ ¦ ¸ä × ×Ǥ × ĂÏä©×ǡĂÏ ÏÏä ÏÏǡ× Ǥ Ǧͳͳ ¦ Ï ¸ Ǥ Ñ ± ÏǤ ͳͺ ͳͻ͵Ͷ Ǥǡ ×͵ͲǦʹͶǦͳͳ ØǦØ ͻǤ Ā ¸Ă ¸ ¦ ͳͻ͵ͷ Ǥ Ï¸Ï ǦʹͶǤ × Ǧͳͳ Ï ¦ Ñ ǦͳͳǤ Ï Ï × ȋȌ ¸ ͳͻ͵Ȃͳͻ͵ ͳͲͲ ×Ǥ Ǧͳͳ ȋȌ Ï Ïͺ ͳͻ͵Ǥ ¦ÏÑÏ ¸ä Ïǡ äǡ×ĀÏ Ăä ǦͳͳʹͷǤ Ă ×ä ÏǦ Ï Ï ĂǤ Ǥ ͷǦ¦ ¦ äǦĂ× Ï ¸ ¦ ¸Ï ×Ǧͳͳ ȋȌǤÏĂϦǡ ÏͳͶͲͲͲÏǤ Ăä ¦Ï ×ĀÑǤ Ï ×Ï Ñ Ā ͳͻ͵ Ǥ Ñ Ï× ǦʹͶÏĂǤ ǤÏÑ Ǥ ¦¸ ׸ä ȂͶ͵ͲȀǡÏʹͲÏ¸Ñ ¸ ¦ ǡĂ©ͷ ¦ʹǤ Ñ×ͳͻ͵͵ͳͻ͵Ǥǡ¦ ǦʹͶ Ă¦Ï ×Ñ ¸ǡ Ï ǡĂä Ǥä©Ï ǡǤ ǡͳȀͳǤ ±ÏǤǤͳͺͳͻ͵ͶǢĂǡÏǤǤÏ ͺͳͻ͵Ǥ ʹͷ ǡǤ ǡͳȀʹʹ͵Ǥ ±ÏǤǤǤ ʹͳͻ͵Ǥ ʹ DĂƌŝƵƐnjt͘DĂũĞǁƐŬŝ [158] ͵ ͷͲͲ ÏʹǤ ǡ ĂǤ ǡ ¦ ʹͷ ͳͻ͵Ǥ׸ǡ ÏĂ Ï ǦʹͶǤ ǡ ¦¦ ǡ ÏĂÏ Ă Ñ ¦ ¸ Ï×ä ͺͲͺͳǤ ¦Ñ ͳͻ͵Ǥǡ Ǥ ĂǤ ĂÏ ±ÏǤ ¸©ͳͲʹ͵Ƿädz ǦʹͶǤ ¦ Ï ×ä Ǧ¦ ǡ¸¸Ïͳͻ͵ǤĂǤ ׸ Ǥ¦Ï¦ ä ¦ ¦ Ï Ă Ï¦ Ï×Ă´ǤĂä Ï© ¸ä ø Ǥ ʹ͵ Ƿädz ¸ ǤæĂǤ ǡǡdz Ï Ñäʹ ͳͻ͵ǤÏǡĂÏ ÏĂ × Ă ¦¦ Ă©Ă Ǥ䦩ǡĂ ǷdzÏÏ ͳͻ͵Ǥǡ¸ǡĂ Ï Ǥ äǡÑ ͳͻ͵ͷǤǡ ¸× ä×ʹ× ǦͳͶǤ¦ĂǡÏä ± Ǥ ͳͻ͵ǤǡÑ Ï¸ǡǡ ǡ ¦ Ñ ¦Ï © ¸ ǷdzǤ Ā×Ï Ï Ï× Ï ¸ © × ×ʹͺǤ צ¦Ï ¦ ͵ͲǷdzǤ ¸ ¸ × Ă © ĂǤ Ăǡ Ǥ ʹͳ ͳͻ͵ Ǥ ¦ ä ͳͻ͵ Ǥ ÏǤ × Ï× Ï¸Ï ± ä¦ ¦ Ñǡ ¦ ¦ ǡÏ ǡǡdzǤ ĂǤ Ï ǡ Ă Ï × ǡ ǡ ǡ Ï Ï×ÏǤ×ǡÏ Ǥæ©ǡĂ ×ϸÏÏ ÑȂǤ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ×ϸͳͻ͵Ǥ × ×͵Ͳ ǷdzȋȌǡÏ ǤǷdz ÏǡĂ × ʹͻǤ ǡǤ ǡͳȀʹʹ͵ǤÏ ȂÏͳͳͳͻ͵Ǥ ʹ ʹͺ ʹͻ ǡǤ ǡǤ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵Ǥͺͷͷ ±Ǥ ͳͳͳͻ͵Ǥ ǡǤ ǡͳȀʹʹ͵ǤÏǤǤǤ ͷͳͻ͵Ǥ ŬƐƉŽƌƚƐƉƌnjħƚƵůŽƚŶŝĐnjĞŐŽĚŽZƵŵƵŶŝŝ;ϭϵϮϳʹϭϵϯϵͿ ϭϱϵ Ñͳͻ͵Ǥ¦ÑÏʹͶϦ ͻǤÏ Ï × Ïǡ Ă Ă© Ï Ï ĂǤÏÏc¦ ͵ͲǤ Ï ×ǡ ÑǡÏ ͵ǷOädzǤʹͺ ͳͷͳͻ͵ͺǤ×Ï × ǡ Ǥ ¦ Ï ¦¸©¸ä ǡĂǡÑĂϸ ×ǡ¦ Ǥ Ïצ ¦Ïæ ͻ͵ͳǤ Ï Ï ǡ ͳͻ͵ͻǤǡÏ ¸ä Ï ×Ǧͳͳ¸ͳǡͲͳÏǤc¦ ʹͷͲͲǤ ¦ ͳͻ͵ͻÏÑÏĂ ×× ͵ʹǤ ¦ ǡ Ă Ă©ǡ Ă × Ï× Ăä ÑǤä×ĂǡĂ ¸ Ï Ï ǡ ¸ Ǥ Ă Ï ǡ Ă ĂÑÏĂ © Ǥ͵͵ Ï ÏÏä© ǡ × ¦ Ǥ Ïä© ĂǤ ǡ ¸ä Ă ĂǤ ǡÏä ǤÑ Ă©ǡĂ ¸ Ï ä× Ǥ Ă©ǡĂ ¸ ϸä Ñǡ¦ Ï Ǥ¦ ǡäǡ Ă Ïä ¸ Ï × ×ǡ × Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͺͳͻ͵Ǥ ͵Ͳ ǡǤ ǡͳȀ͵ͶʹǤ×× Ǥ Ǥ ÏǤͳͻ͵ͺǤ ͵ͳ ͵ʹ ǡǤ ǡ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ͵ǤͺͷͷǤ×Ñ×ÏͳͲͳͻ͵ͻǤ ǤǡÏ ǡͳͻͶͺǡǤͶͷȂͶǢǤĂǤ¦ǤǤ ȋĂ ȌÏ ä ʹͺͳͻ͵ͻǤ ͵͵