Przyimki polskie a tendencja analityczna języków indoeuropejskich

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
M a r e k G a w e ł k o (Kraków)
Przyimki polskie a tendencja analityczna
języków indoeuropejskich
Les prépositions polonaises et la tendance
analytique des langues indo-européennes
(Résumé)
Au fur et à mesure de la tendance analytique qui se manifeste dans les
langues indo-européennes, les formes grammaticales et les lexèmes tendent
à la généralisation. Dans le domaine des prépositions on observe non seulement la généralisation de la sémantique d’un groupe réduit d’unités (au moins
de de et à), mais aussi leur grammaticalisation. Les deux 1º peuvent exercer
des fonctions grammaticales et 2º en vertu de leur sémantique générale et
affaiblie, sont susceptibles de se substituer à un certain nombre de prépositions concrètes telles dans, sur, vers, contre et autres en introduisant une légère modification de sens ou non. Dans les exemples tels que le train de Paris,
le chemin de Fatima, qui expriment soit la provenance soit la destination, la
préposition peut être remplacée entre autres par pour. Dans ces exemples elle
marque la détermina­tion plutôt qu’une relation spatiale.
Les prépositions polonaises sont toutes sémantiques. Un argument est
que w, la plus fréquente préposition polonaise, est un équivalent textuel plus
sou­vent de fr. dans, plus spécifique, que de en, moins spécifique.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
L u c y n a Ag n i e s z k a J a n k ow i a k,
E l ż bi e t a K ę d e l s k a (Poznań)
Adama Stanisława Krasińskiego zapomniany
Słownik synonimów polskich i jego poprzednicy
Forgotten Słownik synonimów polskich
[Dictionary of Polish Synonyms]
by A.S. Krasiński and precursors of the dictionary
(Summary)
The paper consists of two parts. The first one covers characteristics of
dictionaries (dated from XVIth to XIXth century), groups of synonyms re­
garding mainly the Latin (e.g. Gradus ad Parnassum), which also include
equivalents of national languages (especially the Calagius three‑language
dictionary was examined and Czech‑Latin dictionaries of synonyms dated
XVIth century). The second part of the paper is a discussion over methodology of the first Slavic dictionary of synonyms (Słownik synonimów polskich
[Dictionary of Polish Synonyms]) by A. S. Krasiński. Not‑elaborated in details
so far (in the subject‑matter literature) the dictionary combines a few types of
dictionaries (apart from the dictionary of synonyms): general dictionary of
Polish language, dictionary of phrasal verbs, language correctness dictionary,
book of quotations and proverbs and translational dictionary.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
R en a t a K uc h a r z y k (Kraków)
Z zagadnień leksyki gwarowej –
polskie ludowe nazwy ważek
Some problems of the dialectal vocabulary
– the polish folk names of dragonflies
(Summary)
This paper deals with the polish folk names of a dragonfly – an insect be­
longing to the order Odonata. Over 90 Polish dialectal names were gathered
and analyzed here. The motivation of these names has been discussed in this
paper. Moreover, the information about the geographical occurrence of these
lexemes is given here.
As it has been appeared, these names mainly refer metaphorically to
some typical morphological or behavioral characteristic feature of the dragonfly, for example samolot, lalka, szklarz. Some lexemes reflect also the folk
beliefs. For example, there are names in which an association between the
dragonfly and the snake is expressed – gadzia głowa, węzi pastuch. Generally,
the names of a dragonfly in Polish dialects are culturally determined.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
A n e t t a L u t o ‑ K a m i ń s k a (Toruń)
Symbolika nominacji ludzi za pomocą
rzeczownika baran – wpływ religii na kształtowanie
się personifikowanego znaczenia apelatywu
The symbolism of the noun baran (‘ram’)
used to denominate people.
The influence of religion on the development
of the personified meaning of an appellative
(Summary)
The paper describes the semantic changes of the meaning of the Polish
appellative baran (ram) used to denote a person. The core meanings of the
an­thropomorphized noun in the sixteenth century were established on the
basis of religious texts and related lay writings. The meanings were decidedly posi­tive as they referred to Christ, Catholics, and, to a greater extent, to
virtuous and righteous people. In the next centuries, the marking changed
completely and the very noun baran was used as an insult and conveyed unequivocally negative values.
Parallel to the above study, a comparative analysis of the semantic evolu­
tion of the diminutive baranek (lamb), which could also function as personal
designation, was conducted. In texts written in the Middle Polish language,
the word functioned parallel to the root baran; however, in time, the distribution of both words diverged and their semantic evolution followed two
completely different directions. The deminutivum did not undergo such a
significant meaning amelioration as the noun baran.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
B e at a R a s z e w s k -Ż u re k (Kraków)
O dwóch znaczeniach i jednym wartościowaniu
leksemu czystość (na tle niektórych yrazów
pokrewnych i antonimów)
Double meanings and one evaluation of a lexeme
czystość (in comparison with akins and antonyms)
(Summary)
This article is dedicated to evolution of both meanings of lexeme czystość –
physical, meaning cleanness and ethical meaning purity with its’ evaluation. Both
of them orginate from Praslavic language. For better understanding of its’ meanings
adjective czysty, antonyms nieczystość, nieczysty, brud and brudny were taken into
analysis.
Ethical meaning of czystość as morality, righteousness was used common­ly in
Praslavic language and widely documented during the XVIth Century. It described
wide range of positive meanings including sexual purity which became a dominant
one. Despite of that fact czystość had great value and was described by positive epithets. It resulted from religious terminology and was one of the importancies in
human life. Positive valuing of czystość in ethical meaning (purity) has not changed
during next centuries but the way of ex­pressing it has. Czystość described commonly
known virtues like czystość ser­ca, czystość zamiarów, czystość intencji, czystość obyczajów. Wide spectrum of understanding it as a virtue resulted in describing other accepted and positive values. Nowadays czystość as a virtue is used less common probably because of it’s pathetic overtone. Throughout the polish language history positive
evalu­ation of purity was strongly underlined by its’ antonyms like nieczystość and
transforming into ethical meaning brud.
Physical meaning of czystość, rarely recorded because of the saced char­acter of
first documents (dominant ones) has not changed over the centuries. Nowadays this
meaning become dominant. It resultes from cultural changes and orientation on
hygienic style of life – physical czystość (hygiene) is con­nected with comfort, wellness and health. Unchengable positive meaning of physical czystość resultes from it’s
strong antonym brud (dirt) which highly evokes sickness and repulsion.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
M a r ia Tr a w i ń sk a (Poznań)
Z badań nad rękopisem wielkopolskiej
księgi ziemskiej. Problem transliteracji
Researching the Manuscript of Wielkopolska
Land Book. Transliteration Problem
(Summary)
The paper discusses the fourteenth century use of minuscule in Polish
and Latin records. The present analysis of the book’s excerpts shows that the
use of majuscule letters is, generally speaking, determined by the individual
writing style. One of the authors employed the letters at the beginning of
proper names, but at the same time there was a group of records that did not
follow the rule, these being proper names written in lower‑case letters and
common nouns written in upper‑case letters. The matter looks quite different in another author who clearly favored miniscule letters, as he used them
in the most of proper names. This varied use of majuscule letters by various
judiciary writers ought to be faithfully rendered in the transliteration of the
manuscript.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
M ac i ej C z e r w i ń s k i (Kraków)
Nowomowa po jugosłowiańsku
The Yugoslav Newspeak
(Summary)
In the article the issue of a language of the Yugoslav communists – called
here after Orwell the totalitarian Newspeak – is taken into consideration. It
aims at finding similarities and differences between the Polish and Yugoslav
Newspeak basing on analysis of discourses of the Yugoslav dictator – Josip
Broz Tito, Yugoslav historiography and political slogans. In the first section
concrete linguistic phenomena are taken into account (like lexical items, se­
mantic dichotomies, periphrases, metaphors and so on), whereas in the second: extra-linguistic circumstances – including social-political and cultural
context – making the Yugoslav communicative practices specific and different from the Polish ones.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
M a r c i n G r y g i e l (Rzes zów)
Narzędnik afirmacji w wybranych
językach słowiańskich
Instrumental of affirmation
in selected Slavic languages
(Summary)
In the present article I argue that apart from the genitive of negation,
Slavic also makes use of the instrumental of affirmation – but its recogni­
tion requires a more sophisticated, function-oriented analytic model, firmly
grounded in the real linguistic usage and sensitive to semantic condition­ing
– such as cognitive semantics. The discussion offered seems to suggest that
the Slavic instrumental is an inherently affirmative case, as opposed to genitive which has specialized in expressing partition, disjunction and nega­tion,
e.g. compare Pol. ciasto z orzechami/ Srb. kolač sa orasima ‘a cake with nuts
INSTR’ vs. Pol. ciasto bez orzechów/ Srb. kolač bez oraha ‘a cake without nuts
GEN’. Furthermore, because of its semantic properties, the instrumental case
is attracted by positive contexts and acts as an intensifier of affirmation. Slavic instrumentals can be classified, on the basis of the positive meanings they
imply, as instrumentals of completeness, instrumentals of conjunction and
instrumentals of existence. The proposed semantic classification becomes
more refined when image-schemas of CONTAINER, PATH, SURFACE and
conceptual metaphors related to the physical relation of COVERAGE are in­
cluded in the model.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
E d y t a Konc e w i c z - D z i d u c h (Kraków)
O słowiańskiej duszy w wierzeniach, kulturze,
języku na przykładzie frazeologizmów
sztokawszczyzny literackiej
About Slavic soul in beliefs, culture and language
on the example of Shtokavian idioms
(Summary)
The article is devoted to the issue of soul in language and culture of the
Slavs. Analysis includes presentation of the phenomenon of soul in old Slavic
beliefs and religion, before adoption of Christianity. Many of these beliefs is
still present in Slavic culture and language, despite the acceptance of Christian soul conception.
Linguistic analysis is carried out on the Serbian and Croatian idioms
with soul lexeme. Four semantic group were extracted:
1. Soul as a symbol of life, motion and elusiveness of life;
2. Soul as a symbol of good, positive energy;
3. Soul as a metaphor of awareness, brain responsible for deciding;
4. Soul as a human equivalent.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
P a v e l K o s e k (Brno)
Die Interpunktion im Gesangbuch
Jesličky Staré nové písničky von Fridrich Bridelius
The punctuation of the hymn‑book
Jesličky. Staré nové písničky by Fridrich Bridelius
(Summary)
The article is focused on analysis of the punctuation of the Early Modern Czech printed hymn‑book Jesličky. Staré nové písničky (1658), which
was collected by Fridrich Bridelius. The analysis is concerned both with the
punctuation inventory in the hymn‑book and with the rules that influence
theirs distribution. The development of Czech punctuation, which has been
yet analyzed superficially, is characterized by the competition of two principles: 1. grammatical principle that connects punctuation with the syntactic
and semantic structure of a sentence, 2. rhetorical principle that connects
punctuation with the speaking form of a sentence, esp. with the pause (Šlosar
1964, 1966). So the main goal of this article is to discover how is this conflict
reflected in Jesličky. The article also analyzes how is the punctuation influenced by the musical matter of the printed hymns, which is a new moment in
discovering history of Czech punctuation.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
M a r c i n F i l i p o w i c z (Warszawa)
Poszukiwanie męskości w dyskursie filologicznym.
Odrodzeniowe wyobrażenia o czeszczyźnie
Searching for Masculinity in Linguistic Discourse.
Ideas of Czech Language Created by the
National Movement
(Summary)
The article concerns itself with answering the question what was the re­
lationship between the concept of masculinity and the Czech language in­
cluded in the linguistic and literary production of the Czech national revival.
Examining the ideas of the gender of language seems particularly justified
referring to the turn of the 18-th and 19-th centuries. It was the time, when
the thorough transformation of thinking about the language and gender or­
der happened in Europe. The article tries, on the basis of the analysis of dif­
ferent types of texts to demonstrate, that the attitude towards the language let
us to inquire also a lot of about thinking masculinity by the participants of
the Czech national movement. The article answers the question, whether the
reviving Czech language was perceived as the language masculine enough to
prove the masculinity of its users or it was just the opposite.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
E l ż b i e t a K a c z m a r s k a (Warszawa)
Czeski czasownik zdát se w przekładzie na język
polski (na podstawie badań z wykorzystaniem
czesko-polskiego korpusu równoległego InterCorp)
The Czech Verb zdát se in Translation into
Polish Language (Based on Studies Using
the Parallel Corpus „InterCorp”)
(Summary)
The article presents the possibilities of translating the Czech verb zdát
se into the Polish language and introduses the parallel corpus (Intercorp) as
a tool for searching equivalents. The analysis of the data from a parallel corpus shows a series of possibilities of understanding and translating the verb
zdát se (wydawać się, zdawać się, mieć wrażenie, wyglądać, widzieć, widać,
myśleć, mniemać, podejrzewać, pomyśleć, rozumieć, sądzić, uświadamiać
sobie, uważać, uznać, czuć, poczuć, doznać uczucia, mieć uczucie, wynikać,
okazywać się, chyba, najwyraźniej, pewnie, prawdopodobnie, śnić się, przyśnić
się, przywidzieć się, podobać się, być zadowolonym). The verb zdát se seems
to be polysemantic and to cause lexical and stylistic problems. The results of
the analyses based on the InterCorp may also open the discussion about the
contents of modern dictionaries.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 – Summaries
Recen zj e
Jerzy Molas (Warszawa), rec.: „Colloquia Humanistica”, t. I: The Continuity
and Disconuity as a Research Problem, red. J. Sujecka, M. Falski, Instytut
Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2012, 354 ss.
Ivana Vidović-Bolt (Zagrzeb), rec.: Ivan Marković: Uvod u jezičnu
morfologiju, Disput, Zagreb 2012, 560 ss.
Gennadij
Zeldowicz (Warszawa), rec.: Ірина В. Кононенко:
Прикметник у слов’янських мовах, Київ 2009, 495 ss.